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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2018.tde-19072018-120809
Document
Author
Full name
Ronaldo Eustáquio de Oliveira Júnior
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Marcolin, Alessandra Cristina (President)
Berezowski, Aderson Tadeu
Francisco, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira
Martinelli, Silvio
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação de parâmetros morfométricos por meio da ressonância magnética em fetos com restrição do crescimento
Keywords in Portuguese
Biometria cerebral
Hipóxia fetal
Ressonância magnética fetal
Restrição do crescimento intrauterino
Ultrassonografia
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A restrição de crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) é uma intercorrência obstétrica de prevalência relevante e altas taxas de morbimortalidade. A ultrassonografia (US) obstétrica ainda é limitada para diagnosticar comprometimento cerebral na RCIU. Por isso, com o intuito de aumentar a acurácia diagnóstica de lesões no encéfalo e comprometimento da criança acometida, surgiram alguns trabalhos utilizando a ressonância magnética (RM), mas com dificuldades técnicas. Sendo assim, são necessários estudos que avaliem o encéfalo de fetos com RCIU e que identifiquem biomarcadores simples de hipóxia crônica e/ou aguda. Objetivos: comparar parâmetros morfométricos mensurados por RM do crânio e encéfalo de fetos com crescimento normal e de fetos com RCIU. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo que incluiu 13 fetos de gestações únicas, com crescimento adequado e 13 fetos de gestações únicas com RCIU, na relação 1 caso:1 controle, de 26 a 38 semanas de idade gestacional (IG) que foram submetidos à avaliação ultrassonográfica para determinação da biometria, volume de líquido amniótico e Dopplervelocimetria fetal e à RM para avaliação de medidas encefálicas e cranianas. Variáveis relacionadas ao tipo de parto, condições do nascimento e resultados perinatais adversos foram obtidas de prontuários médicos. Para análise estatística foram empregados os testes de Wilcoxon e Chi-quadrado. Resultados: as medidas do diâmetro biparietal (DBP) ósseo e cerebral e do diâmetro occipitofrontal (DOF) ósseo de fetos restritos foram menores que as de controles, assim como os percentis desses diâmetros, da circunferência craniana e do DOF cerebral. Observou-se também que a mediana da relação DBP cerebral/cerebelo da população de fetos restritos tendeu a ser menor que a de controles. Além disso, as medidas do líquor cerebroespinhal (LCE) extracerebral e seus percentis também foram menores nos fetos restritos. Também há diferenças nas relações DOF ósseo/LCE, DOF cerebral/LCE, DBP ósseo/LCE e DBP cerebral/LCE entre os grupos de fetos estudados. Além disso, as medidas das distâncias interoperculares axiais direita e esquerda foram significativamente menores nos fetos restritos. Conclusões: podemos concluir que fetos com RCIU possuem medidas cranianas e encefálicas menores que fetos com crescimento adequado, além de haver redução do LCE extracerebral. Estudos de RM fetal com casuística maior, que permitam análise com regressão logística multivariada e aqueles que avaliem comprometimento neurológico das crianças acometidas são necessários.
Title in English
Evaluation of morphometric parameters by magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses with growth restriction
Keywords in English
Brain biometry
Fetal growth restriction
Fetal hypoxia
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging
Ultrasonography
Abstract in English
Introduction: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an obstetric intercurrence of relevant prevalence and high morbidity and mortality rates. Obstetrical ultrasonography is still limited to diagnose brain impairment in IUGR. Therefore, in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy of brain lesions and impairment of the affected child, some studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have emerged, but with technical difficulties. Hence, studies that evaluate the brain of fetuses with IUGR and that identify simple biomarkers of chronic and/or acute hypoxia are needed. Objectives: to compare morphometric parameters measured by MRI of the skull and brain of fetuses with normal growth and fetuses with IUGR. Methods: this was a prospective cohort study that included 13 fetuses with normal growth and 13 fetuses with IUGR from singleton pregnancies, in the ratio 1 case: 1 control, from 26 to 38 weeks of gestational age (GI) who underwent ultrasound evaluation to determine the biometry, amniotic fluid volume and fetal Doppler velocimetry and MRI for evaluation of brain and cranial measurements. Variables related to the type of delivery, birth conditions and adverse perinatal outcomes were obtained from medical records. Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: the measurements of skull and brain biparietal diameter (BPD) and skull occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) of IUGR fetuses were lower than those of controls, as well as the percentiles of these diameters, head circumference and the brain OFD. It has also been observed that the median of the brain BPD/cerebellar diameter ratio of the IUGR fetuses tended to be lower than that of the controls. In addition, measurements of the extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their percentiles were also lower in IUGR fetuses. There are also differences in the skull OFD/ CSF, brain OFD/ CSF, skull BPD/ CSF and brain BPD/ CSF and extracerebral CSF ratios between the groups of fetuses studied. In addition, measurements of right and left axial interopercular distances were significantly lower in the IUGR fetuses. Conclusions: we can conclude that IUGR fetuses have smaller cranial and brain measures than fetuses with normal growth, besides having reduction of extracerebral CSF. Fetal MRI studies with larger number of subjects, allowing analysis with multivariate logistic regression and those which assess neurological impairment of affected children are needed.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-08-07
 
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