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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2017.tde-06012017-133152
Document
Author
Full name
Daniela Miarelli Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Moisés, Elaine Christine Dantas (President)
Ben, Cristina Marta Del
Lanchote, Vera Lucia
Title in Portuguese
Estudo farmacocinético e análise da distribuição transplacentária da fluoxetina e seu metabólito em gestantes saudáveis
Keywords in Portuguese
enantiômeros
farmacocinética
fluoxetina
gestação, transferência placentária
norfluoxetina
Abstract in Portuguese
A fluoxetina, um fármaco quiral disponível para uso clínico, como uma mistura racêmica de (S)-(+)-fluoxetina e (R)-(-)-fluoxetina, é a droga mais utilizada no tratamento de estados depressivos durante a gravidez. N-desmetilação de fluoxetina por CYP2D6, CYP2C9 e CYP3A4 produz o seu metabólito ativo, norfluoxetina com os enantiômeros (S)-(+)-e (R)-(-)- norfluoxetina. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a farmacocinética, distribuição transplacentária e metabolismo da fluoxetina e norfluoxetina, em gestantes saudáveis. Foram avaliadas nove gestantes sem comorbidades. Todas receberam dose única de 20 mg de fluoxetina via oral em duas ocasiões distintas, sendo a primeira com 32 semanas e a segunda no dia do parto. Após a administração do fármaco, foram coletadas amostras seriadas de sangue materno para avaliação da concentração dos enantiômeros da fluoxetina, nos tempos de zero a 672 horas. No dia do parto, após receber a medicação, foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas materna no momento do nascimento, de sangue de vasos umbilicais, espaço interviloso, líquido amniótico para avaliação da transferência placentária. Vinte e quatro horas após o parto, foi coletada uma amostra de 3 mL de leite materno para avaliação de excreção. A análise dos enantiômeros da fluoxetina e norfluoxetina em plasma humano foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (LC-MS/MS). O método de análise foi desenvolvido e validado de acordo com a RDC 27, ANVISA. As medianas dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos dos enantiômeros (S)-(+)- e (R)-(-)- da fluoxetina foram, respectivamente: Cmax 6,05 vs 5,94 ng/mL, t1/2 ? 1,94 vs 2,33 h, AUC0-? 97,81 vs 209,20 ng.h/mL, Cl/f 1,45 vs 0,66 L/h/kg, Vd/f 19,00 vs 23,25 L/kg. E dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos dos (S)-(+)- e (R)-(-)-norfluoxetina foram, respectivamente: Cmax 6,29 vs 3,29 ng/mL, t1/2 ? 83,48 vs 95,15 h, AUC0-? 942,70 vs 498,6 ng.h/mL. O método para análise dos enantiômeros da fluoxetina e norfluoxetina mostraram limites compatíveis com a aplicação de um estudo clínico envolvendo a administração de uma dose única. Foi observada enantiosseletividade em alguns parâmetros na farmacocinética e transferência placentária da fluoxetina e norfluoxetina em gestantes.
Title in English
Pharmacokinetic study and analysis of transplacental distribution of fluoxetine and its metabolite in healthy pregnant women
Keywords in English
enantiomers
fluoxetine
norfluoxetine
pharmacokinetics
placental transfer
pregnancy
Abstract in English
Fluoxetine, a chiral drug available for clinical use as a racemic mixture of (S)-(+)-fluoxetine and (R)-(-)-fluoxetine, is the most widely used drug in the treatment of depressive states during pregnancy. N-demethylation of fluoxetine by CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 produce its active metabolite norfluoxetine as the enantiomers S-(+) and (R)-(-)-norfluoxetine. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, transplacental distribution and metabolism of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in healthy pregnant women. A total of nine pregnant women without comorbidities received a single oral dose of 20 mg fluoxetine on two separate occasions, the first in the 32 gestation weeks and the second at the day of delivery. After drug administration during the first sequential samples of maternal blood were collected at time zero until 672 hours. On the day of delivery, after receiving the medication maternal blood sample was collected at birth, umbilical blood vessels, intervillous space, and amniotic fluid sample for evaluation of placental drug transfer. Twenty-four hours after delivery was collected a sample of 3 ml of breast milk for analysis of excretion by this way. The analysis of the enantiomers of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) .The analytical method was developed and validated in accordance with the RDC 27, ANVISA. Median pharmacokinetic parameters of (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-fluoxetine enantiomers were: Cmax 6.05 vs 5.94 ng/mL, t1/2 ? 1.94 vs 2.33 h, AUC 0-? 97.81 vs 209.20 ng.hr/mL, Cl/f 1.45 vs 0.66 L/h/kg, Vd/f 19.00 vs 23.25 L/kg. The values of (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-norfluoxetine enantiomers were: Cmax 6.29 vs 3.29 ng/mL, t1/2 ? 83.48 vs 95.15 h, AUC 0-? 942.70 vs 498.6 ng.h/mL. Confidence method for sequence analysis of the enantiomers of fluoxetine and its active metabolites showed limits compatible with the application of a clinical study involving the administration of a single dose of pregnant women. Enantioselectivity was observed in some parameters of pharmacokinetics and placental fluoxetine and norfluoxetine transfer in healthy pregnant women.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-02-15
 
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