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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2018.tde-23042018-160228
Document
Author
Full name
Maíra Ribeiro Rodero
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Júnior, Pérsio Roxo (President)
Ricetto, Adriana Gut Lopes
Nunes, Altacilio Aparecido
Title in Portuguese
Aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais dos pacientes portadores de imunodeficiência comum variável atendidos em ambulatórios terciários de imunologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
Imunodeficiência comum variável
Imunoglobulinas
Infecções
Manifestações clínicas
Abstract in Portuguese
Imunodeficiência Comum Variável (ICV) é uma imunodeficiência primária de igual distribuição entre os sexos e que afeta crianças e adultos, caracterizada por hipogamaglobulinemia com susceptibilidade aumentada a infecções e ampla variedade de complicações não infecciosas, como autoimunidade, malignidade, hiperplasia linfoide, doenças gastrointestinais, dentre outras. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar as manifestações clínicas, infecciosas e não infecciosas, mais frequentes em portadores de ICV (antes e após início da terapia com reposição de imunoglobulina humana) acompanhados em ambulatórios de imunologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), além dos níveis séricos de imunoglobulinas (IgG, IgA e IgM) ao diagnóstico, bem como as alterações quantitativas de células CD19+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ e CD3-CD16+CD56+ desses pacientes. Neste estudo descritivo foram obtidas informações de pacientes com ICV acompanhados no HCFMRPUSP, através de registros de prontuários médicos. Foram avaliados 32 pacientes: 19 do sexo masculino e 13 do sexo feminino. A mediana da idade de início dos sintomas foi de 8,5 anos, com um pico de incidência precoce. O tempo médio de atraso para o diagnóstico foi de 7,7 anos. Todos os pacientes apresentaram infecções recorrentes, que levaram ao diagnóstico da ICV. As infecções mais frequentes foram as respiratórias, sendo que antes do diagnóstico as pneumonias foram as mais observadas (gerando, inclusive, grande número de internações) e durante o primeiro ano de uso regular da terapia de reposição com imunoglobulina humana as rinossinusites foram as que mais ocorreram. Houve redução na incidência de infecções após início do tratamento. Todos os pacientes apresentaram níveis séricos de IgG, IgA e IgM reduzidos ao diagnóstico, sendo que as medianas dos níveis séricos foram de 158 mg/dL, 10,15 mg/dL e 17 mg/dL, respectivamente. De 30 pacientes que haviam realizado imunofenotipagem, cerca de 73% apresentaram número absoluto reduzido de células CD19+ e 40% apresentaram número absoluto reduzido de linfócitos T CD4+. A relação CD4/CD8 foi invertida em aproximadamente 53% dos pacientes. Em 18 pacientes as células natural killer foram quantificadas e cerca de 56% deles apresentaram número absoluto reduzido. A maioria (97%) dos pacientes manifestou, no mínimo, uma comorbidade não infecciosa no tempo médio de seguimento de 8,2 anos, sendo que hiperplasia linfoide e doença pulmonar crônica foram as mais frequentes, cada uma ocorrendo em cerca de metade dos pacientes. O atraso para o diagnóstico da ICV foi importante, sugerindo que a presença de infecções recorrentes, especialmente do trato respiratório, deveria levar à investigação de deficiências de anticorpos, com dosagem de imunoglobulinas. Complicações não infecciosas foram extremamente comuns nesta casuística, ressaltando o amplo espectro clínico da doença.
Title in English
Clinical and laboratory features of common variable immunodeficiency patients seen at immunology outpatient clinics of Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital - University of São Paulo
Keywords in English
Clinical features
Common variable immunodeficiency
Immunoglobulin
Infections
Abstract in English
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency that is equally distributed between men and women and affects children and adults, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia with increased susceptibility to infections and a wide variety of noninfectious complications such as autoimmunity, malignancy, lymphoid hyperplasia, gastrointestinal diseases, among others. The purposes of this study were to evaluate infectious and non-infectious clinical manifestations (before and after immunoglobulin replacement therapy) of CVID patients attended at immunology outpatient clinics of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), in addition to immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) serum levels at diagnosis, as well as quantitative differences in CD19+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3-CD16+CD56+ cells. In this descriptive study, data of CVID patients followed up at HCFMRP-USP were collected through medical records. Thirty-two patients were found: 19 males and 13 females. The median age of onset of symptoms was 8.5 years, with an early peak of incidence. The mean delay for diagnosis was 7.7 years. All patients had recurrent infections, which led to the diagnosis of CVID. The most frequent infections were respiratory tract infections. Pneumonias were more observed before the diagnosis (generating a large number of hospitalizations) and rhinosinusitis were more frequent during the first year under regular use of immunoglobulin replacement therapy. There was a reduction in the incidence of infections after initiation of treatment. All patients had low IgG, IgA and IgM serum levels (lower than the 3th percentile for age) at diagnosis and the median of serum levels were 158 mg/dL, 10.15 mg/dL and 17 mg/dL, respectively. Among 30 patients that had been immunophenotyped, approximately 73% had a reduced absolute number of CD19+ cells and 40% had a reduced absolute number of T CD4+ lymphocytes. The CD4/CD8 ratio was inverted in approximately 53% of the patients. Natural killer cells were quantified in 18 patients and about 56% of them had reduced absolute number. The majority (97%) of patients manifested at least one noninfectious comorbidity at a mean follow-up time of 8.2 years, with lymphoid hyperplasia and chronic lung disease being the most common, each occurring in about half of the patients. The delay for the diagnosis of CVID was important, suggesting that the presence of recurrent infections, especially of the respiratory tract, should lead to the investigation of antibody deficiencies with dosage of immunoglobulins. Noninfectious complications were extremely common in this series, highlighting the broad clinical spectrum of the disease.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-24
 
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