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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2010.tde-01062010-090350
Document
Author
Full name
Mariângela Ottoboni Brunaldi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Zucoloto, Sérgio (President)
Modena, Jose Luiz Pimenta
Rodrigues, Maria Aparecida Marchesan
Title in Portuguese
Úlceras esofágicas em portadores do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana: etiologia e análise comparativa entre métodos diagnósticos
Keywords in Portuguese
AIDS
HIV
Infecções oportunistas
Úlcera esofágica
Abstract in Portuguese
As infecções virais são as maiores responsáveis pelas úlceras esofágicas no portador do HIV, sendo o Citomegalovírus (CMV) o agente mais observado, seguido pelo Herpes Vírus Simples (HSV). A abordagem clínica adequada e a utilização de métodos diagnósticos precisos são de grande relevância para o estabelecimento etiológico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar a prevalência de úlceras esofágicas em portadores do HIV; pesquisar os agentes etiológicos associados; verificar a acurácia dos métodos diagnósticos comparando as impressões obtidas pela endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), histologia utilizando o método de Hematoxilina-Eosina (H&E) e Imuno-histoquímica (IH) para pesquisa de CMV e HSV; avaliar o impacto da coloração para fungos (Gomori metenamina prata- GMS) e bacilos álcool-ácidos resistentes [BAAR- Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)] e a relevância numérica da amostragem tecidual na avaliação etiológica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, do tipo transversal, baseado em levantamento de dados demográficos, clínico-laboratoriais, endoscópicos obtidos por revisão de prontuários e análise histológica às cegas de biópsias endoscópicas (H&E, IH, GMS e ZN) de úlceras esofágicas em 41 portadores do HIV, no período de agosto de 2002 a setembro de 2006. A IH foi considerada método padrão. No período avaliado, 399 portadores do HIV submeteram-se à EDA, detectando-se úlcera esofágica em 41 pacientes (23 homens, 25 a 56 anos) com uma prevalência de 10,27%. A mediana da contagem de CD4 foi 49 céls/mm3 e da carga viral 58869,5 cópias/ml. A EDA revelou 29/41úlceras esofágicas suspeitas de infecção pelo CMV; 7/41 pelo HSV; 2/41 relacionada ao refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE); 1/41 por monilíase; 1/41 por paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) e 1/41 inespecífica. O H&E detectou: 25/41 úlceras com aspectos inflamatórios inespecíficos (61%); 6/41 associadas à monilíase (16%); 4/41 por infecção pelo CMV (10%); 2/41 HSV (5%); 1/41CMV e HSV (2%); 1/41 por PCM (2%); 1/41 devido a Histoplasmose (2%) e 1/41 infiltração neoplásica por Linfoma não Hodgkin (2%). A IH para CMV e HSV confirmou os achados do H&E e detectou mais um caso. A EDA revelou sensibilidade alta (100%) para a detecção da úlcera esofágica, especificidade baixa para a caracterização etiológica viral (15%) quando comparada ao H&E e a IH. O H&E mostrou-se um método adequado para avaliação etiológica com sensibilidade de 87% e especificidade de 100% quando comparada a IH. A pesquisa de BAAR pelo ZN foi negativa nas 34 amostras realizadas. O GMS confirmou a presença de fungos detectados ao H&E e foi fundamental na caracterização morfológica do Histoplasma capsulatum e do Paraccocidioides brasiliensis. O número de amostras não influenciou na avaliação etiológica final. Os nossos achados recomendam o H&E como método adequado na avaliação etiológica de úlceras esofágicas no portador do HIV e indicam a IH para pesquisa viral somente nos casos suspeitos, porém, não típicos ao H&E.
Title in English
Esophageal ulcers in Human Immunodeficiency virus carriers: Etiology and comparative analysis among diagnostic methods
Keywords in English
AIDS
Esophageal ulcer
HIV
opportunistic infections
Abstract in English
Viral infections are the main cause of esophageal ulcers in HIV carriers, cytomegalovirus (CMV) being the most frequently observed, followed by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). An appropriate clinical approach and the use of precise diagnostic methods are very important for etiological evaluation. The aim of this work has been: to evaluate the prevalence of esophageal ulcers in HIV carriers; to research the associated etiological agents; to check the accuracy of the diagnostic methods, comparing the impressions obtained by the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE), histology using the Hematoxiline-Eosin (H&E) method, and immunohistochemistry (IH) to investigate CMV and HSV; to evaluate the impact of the staining for fungus (Gomori methenamine silver GMS) and for resistant alcohol-acid bacillus (BAAR-Ziehl-Neelsen ZN), and the numerical relevance of tissue samples in the etiological characterization. This is a descriptive, retrospective, transversal study, based on demographic, clinic-laboratorial and endoscopic data, obtained by the review of medical charts and blind histological analysis of endoscopic biopsies (H&E, IH, GMS an ZN) of esophageal ulcers of 41 HIV carriers, from August 2002 to September 2006. The IH has been chosen as the standard method. Along the evaluated period, 399 HIV carriers were submitted to UGE, and esophageal ulcer was detected in 41 patients (25 to 56 years old, 23 males), with a prevalence of 10.27%. The median of the CD4 count was 49 cells/mm3, and the viral load 58869.5 copies/ml. UGE has revealed 29/41 esophageal ulcers under suspicion of infection by CMV; 7/41 by HSV; 2/41 related to gastroesophageal reflux (GER)/ 1/41 by moniliasis; 1/41 by paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and 1/41 non-specific. H&E has detected 25/41 ulcers with non-specific inflammatory aspects (61%); 6/41 associated with moniliasis (16%); 4/41 caused by CMV infection (10%); 2/41 by HSV (5%); 1/41 by CMV and HSV (2%); 1/41 by PCM (2%); 1/41 due to Hystoplasmosis (2%) and 1/41, to neoplastic infiltration by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2%). IH for CMV and HSV has confirmed the H&E findings and has detected another case. UGE has revealed high sensitivity (100%) for the detection of esophageal ulcer and low specificity for the viral etiological characterization (15%), as compared to H&E and IH. H&E has shown to be an adequate method for the etiological evaluation, with 87% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity, as compared to IH. BAAR research by ZN was negative in the 34 samples studied. GMS has confirmed the presence of fungus detected by H&E and has been fundamental in the morphological characterization of Histoplasma capsulatum and Paraccocidioides brasiliensis. Our findings support the use of H&E as a suitable method for the etiological evaluation of esophageal ulcers in HIV carriers and indicate IH for viral search only in suspect cases that are non-typical under H&E.
 
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Dissertacao.pdf (7.92 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2010-08-26
 
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