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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2018.tde-25042018-152353
Document
Author
Full name
Priscila Mendes Comassio
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Moreira, Jorge Eduardo (President)
Fernandes, Maria José da Silva
Hallak, Jaime Eduardo Cecilio
Title in Portuguese
Separação materna e enriquecimento ambiental: envolvimento de células da glia, transportadores e receptores de glutamato no hipocampo de ratos jovens
Keywords in Portuguese
AMPA
Astrócitos
Enriquecimento ambiental
Separação materna
Transportadores de glutamato
Abstract in Portuguese
O desenvolvimento humano pode ser influenciado pelo ambiente. Estímulos recebidos ao longo da vida determinam seu progresso e sucesso. Estímulos positivos levam ao desenvolvimento de habilidades, melhorando funções cognitivas e da memória, enquanto estímulos negativos podem predispor a patologias como o estresse. Eventos estressantes durante a infância aumentam a predisposição para o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos ao longo da vida. A separação materna, modelo animal de estresse pós-natal, promove diversas alterações comportamentais e encefálicas. Animais submetidos à separação materna apresentam comportamentos que mimetizam doenças psiquiátricas humanas. Por outro lado, diversos trabalhos sugerem que o enriquecimento ambiental pode ter efeito benéfico na reversão ou atenuação de modificações comportamentais e encefálicas promovidas por modelos animais de depressão, esquizofrenia, ansiedade e hiperatividade. Esses aspectos motivaram-nos a estudar se as alterações causadas por estresse podem ser revertidas ou atenuadas pelo enriquecimento do ambiente. Há evidências que sugerem um importante envolvimento de células gliais e de transportadores de glutamato presentes nessas células em modelos animais de transtornos psiquiátricos. Sendo assim, investigamos a expressão de mRNA e proteínas de dois transportadores de glutamato gliais e um neuronal, do receptor de glutamato AMPA, de marcadores gliais GFAP, S100?, glutamina sintase (GS) e do marcador de neurônios maduros NeuN na camada molecular e granular do giro denteado do hipocampo de ratos de 60 dias. Observamos que a separação materna diminui a expressão das proteínas GLAST, GLT-1, GS e NeuN, reduz a expressão dos genes Gria1 (AMPA) e S100?, e aumenta a expressão da proteína EAAC1 no giro denteado. Nossos dados sugerem uma reversão das alterações causadas pela separação materna em relação ao gene Gria1/AMPA e às proteínas GLAST, GLT-1 e EAAC1 após o enriquecimento ambiental. Portanto, o enriquecimento ambiental pode reverter as modificações causadas pela separação materna nas vias glutamatérgicas. Esses efeitos benéficos podem ser investigados para auxiliar no tratamento de transtornos psiquiátricos relacionados à separação materna.
Title in English
Maternal separation and environmental enrichment: involvement of glial cells, glutamate transporters and glutamate receptors in the hippocampus of young rats
Keywords in English
AMPA
Astrocytes
Environmental enrichment
Glutamate transporters
Maternal separation
Abstract in English
Human development can be influenced by the environment. Stimuli received throughout life determine its progress and success. Positive stimuli lead to development of skills, improving cognitive and memory functions, while negative stimuli may predispose to pathologies such as stress. Stressful events during childhood increase the predisposition to psychiatric disorders throughout life. Maternal separation, an animal model of postnatal stress, promotes several behavioral and encephalic changes. Animals submitted to maternal separation stage behaviors associated with psychiatric diseases in humans. On the other hand, some researches have suggested that environmental enrichment may have some beneficial effects on the reversal or attenuation of behavioral and encephalic modifications promoted by animal models of depression, schizophrenia, anxiety and hyperactivity, which motivates us to study if these changes, stirred by this kind of stress, can be reversed or mitigated by environmental enrichment. There are evidences suggesting the involvement of glial cells and glutamate transporters existent in these cells in psychiatric disorders and animal models of these disorders. Therefore, we investigated mRNA and protein expression of two glial and one neuronal glutamate transporters, AMPA glutamate receptor, glial markers GFAP, S100?, glutamine synthase (GS), and the NeuN neuronal marker in the molecular and granular layer of the hippocampal gyrus in sixty-days-old rats. We observed that maternal separation decreases expression of GLAST, GLT-1, GS and NeuN proteins, reduces Gria1 (AMPA) and S100? gene expression, and increases EAAC1 protein expression in the dentate gyrus. After environmental enrichment, our data suggests a reversal of the maternal separation changes in the Gria1/AMPA gene and the GLAST, GLT-1 and EAAC1 proteins. Therefore, environmental enrichment may reverse the maternal separation changes in the glutamatergic pathways. These beneficial effects may be investigated to aid in the treatment of psychiatric disorders related to maternal separation.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-13
 
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