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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2012.tde-22042013-103859
Document
Author
Full name
David Santos Marco Antonio
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Hartfelder, Klaus Hartmann (President)
Barchuk, Angel Roberto
Bitondi, Marcia Maria Gentile
Brito, Reinaldo Otavio Alvarenga Alves de
Giuliatti, Silvana
Title in Portuguese
Processos Celulares e Moleculares no Desenvolvimento do Sistema Visual em Operárias e Zangões de Apis mellifera
Keywords in Portuguese
Apis mellifera
Expressão gênica diferencial
Lóbulo óptico
Olho composto
Zangão
Abstract in Portuguese
Mecanismos que regem o desenvolvimento do olho composto e lóbulo óptico tem sido amplamente estudados em Drosophila melanogaster onde a retina é formada a partir de um disco imaginal anexado com o cérebro e os lóbulos opticos a partir do primórdio óptico externo. Através de histologia comparativa e análise de expressão gênica no desenvolvimento do sistema visual em Apis mellifera nós procuramos elucidar questões sobre plasticidade do desenvolvimento subjacente a fortes diferenças sexo- e casta-específico no olho assim como contribuir com aspectos evo-devo. O desenvolvimento dos lóbulos ópticos ocorre por dobramento neuroepitelial a partir de um centro de diferenciação no cérebro larval. Deste centro, a medula, lamina e lóbula surgem ao mesmo tempo em operárias e zangões. Dois passos marcam a diferenciação da lâmina (i) sua origem a partir da diferenciação de neuroblastos da camada mais externa da medula, isso coincidindo com o primeiro pico de expressão de roughest, e (ii) 24 horas mais tarde o aparecimento dos omatideos hexagonais coincidindo com o segundo pico de expressão de roughest. Com a inclusão de genes candidatos relacionados com o desenvolvimento do olho e lóbulos ópticos em insetos [small optic lobe (sol), eyes absent (eya), minibrain (mnb), sine oculis (so), embryonic lethal, abnormal vision (elav) e epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)] nós encontramos distintos picos de expressão para sol, eya, mnb e so em níveis de transcritos e tempo de aparição do pico diferindo entre operárias e zangões. Enquanto estes quatro genes mostraram relativa sincronia durante o desenvolvimento em zangões, o mesmo não ocorreu em operárias. Além disso, em operárias sol é muito mais expresso na pré-pupa do que em zangões. Ambos os sexo mostraram padrões muito similares de expressão de elav, exceto por um atraso em zangões. Em contraste, a expressão de egfr ocorre antes em zangões. Durante a phase chave no desenvolvimento do sistema visual, uma análise global do transcriptoma, por meio de micro-arranjos mostrou vários genes relacionados com ciclo celular entre os diferencialmente expressos. Em conclusão, a relação entre tempo e eventos morfológicos com os padrões de expressão gênica revelou diferenças possivelmente relacionadas com mecanismos subjacentes ao desenvolvimento do sistema visual altamente dimorfico de Apis mellifera.
Title in English
Molecular and Celular Processes During Visual System Development in Workers and Drones of Apis mellifera
Keywords in English
Apis mellifera
Compound eye
Differential gene expression
Drone
Optic lobe
Abstract in English
Developmental mechanisms governing compound eye development in insects have been broadly studied in Drosophila melanogaster, where the retina is formed from an imaginal disc attached to the larval brain. However little is known about eye development in other insects, most of which do not have such imaginal eye discs. Through a comparative histological and gene expression analysis of eye development in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, we intended to elucidate questions about developmental plasticity underlying the marked sex and castespecific differences in eye size, as well as to contribute to evo-devo aspects. Optic lobe development occurs by neuroepithelial folding initiating from a differentiation center in the larval brain. From this center, the medula, lamina and lobula arise at the same time in drones and workers. Two steps mark the differentiation of the lamina (i) its origin from neuroblasts differentiating in the outer layer of the medula, this coinciding with the first peak of roughest expression during the feeding stage of the fifth larval instar, and (ii) 24 hours later, the appearance of hexagonal ommatidia, coinciding with a second peak in roughest expression. Upon including further candidate genes related to insect eye development [small optic lobe (sol), eyes absent (eya), minibrain (mnb), sine oculis (so), embryonic lethal, abnormal vision (elav) and epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr)] we found distinct expression peaks for sol, eya, mnb and so, with timing and relative transcript levels differing between drones and workers. Whereas these four genes showed a relatively synchronous pattern of expression in drones in the fifth larval instar, this was not so in workers. Furthermore, in prepupae sol was higher expressed in workers than the other three genes, and also in comparison to drones. Both sexes showed a strikingly similar expression pattern for elav, except for some delay in drones. In contrast, egfr expression was found to occur earlier in drones. Through a global transcriptom analysis, done at a key step of larval development, several genes were reveled as diffetentially expressed, many of these regulating cell cycle steps. In conclusion, the relationship in the timing of morphological events with gene expression patterns revealed differences possibly related to mechanisms underlying development of the highly dimorphic compound eye in the honey bee.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-05-24
 
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