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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2019.tde-17102018-142049
Document
Author
Full name
Thaís Sarraf Sabedot
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Noushmehr, Houtan (President)
Marins, Mozart de Azevedo
Rodrigues, Rodrigo do Tocantins Calado de Saloma
Tiezzi, Daniel Guimarães
Title in Portuguese
Classificação molecular de gliomas difusos em adulto baseada em metilação do DNA revela subgrupos de tumores G-CIMP associados com aspectos clínicos distintos
Keywords in Portuguese
Bioinformática
Epigenética
G-CIMP
Glioma
Metilação do DNA
Abstract in Portuguese
Gliomas s~ao tumores heterog^eneos, o que contribui para seu alto grau de mortalidade, apesar de avan¸cos na classifica¸c~ao e tratamento. Desde 2016, a incorpora¸c~ao do estado dos genes IDH e da integridade dos cromossomos 1p e 19q na classifica¸c~ao de gliomas fornece aplica¸c~oes cl´?nicas importantes para o diagn´ostico e tratamento deste tumor; entretanto, a procura por assinaturas moleculares que possam refinar ainda mais os subtipos de glioma em subgrupos mais homog^eneos ´e um esfor¸co cont´?nuo. Este estudo utilizou o maior n´umero de amostras de gliomas adultos (n=932) at´e a atualidade, variando dos graus II ao IV, a fim de definir subgrupos de glioma utilizando assinaturas de metila¸c~ao do DNA, indepentemente de grau e histologia. No total, 7 subtipos foram identificados: Classiclike, Mesenchymal-like, LGm6-GBM, PA-like, Codels, G-CIMP-low and G-CIMP-high. A maior parte dos subgrupos com IDH tipo selvagem, isto ´e, Classic-like, Mesenchymal-like, LGm6-GBM, possuem padr~ao de baixa metila¸c~ao do DNA e um pior risco progn´ostico; caracter´?sticas cl´?nicas t´?picas de glioblastomas, o tipo mais agressivo de gliomas. Uma descoberta interessante foi a identifica¸c~ao do subgrupo PA-like dentre gliomas com IDH tipo selvagem, o qual compartilha aspectos gen^omicos similares a astrocitoma piloc´?tico, um glioma pedi´atrico benigno com bom quadro cl´?nico entre gliomas com IDH tipo selvagem. Codels, os quais abragem pacientes com muta¸c~ao em IDH e codele¸c~ao dos cromossomos 1p e 19, possuem o melhor progn´ostico dentre os gliomas difusos em adultos. Uma descoberta importante em rela¸c~ao a gliomas com muta¸c~ao em IDH, por´em sem codele¸c~ao dos cromossomos 1p e 19q, foi a estratifica¸c~ao de gliomas com fen´otipo metilador de ilhas CpG (G-CIMP) em G-CIMP-low, com n´?veis mais baixos de metila¸c~ao do DNA e pior quadro cl´?nico, e G-CIMP-high, com n´?veis mais altos de metila¸c~ao do DNA e melhor risco progn´ostico. Curiosamente, o grau de metila¸c~ao do DNA (-low e -high) estava associado com altera¸c~oes distintas em elementos regulat´orios e modifica¸c~oes de histona aberrantes na regi~ao promotora de genes do ciclo celular. Estes achados consolidaram a import^ancia cl´?nica da epigen´etica, particularmente da metila¸c~ao do DNA, em gliomas, como tamb´em levantou a possibilidade de que a sobrevida m´edia ruim de G-CIMP-low pode ser associada a elementos regulat´orios. Al´em disso, a hip´otese de que enhancers ativos podem agir na regula¸c~ao g^enica de G-CIMP-low fornece mais evid^encias de que elementos regulat´orios podem levar `a maior agressividade e prolifera¸c~ao de G-CIMP-low. Este estudo visa 1) identificar e caracterizar subtipos de gliomas difusos em adultos baseados na metila¸c~ao do DNA, e 2) avaliar a associa¸c~ao entre modifica¸c~oes de histona com um subtipo mais agressivo de G-CIMP
Title in English
Molecular classification of adult diffuse gliomas based on DNA methylation reveals subgroups of G-CIMP tumors associated with distinct clinical features
Keywords in English
Bioinformatics
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
G-CIMP
Glioma
Abstract in English
Gliomas are heterogeneous tumors which contribute to their high mortality despite advancements in classification and treatment. As of 2016, the incorporation of IDH status and the integrity of chromosomes 1p and 19q to glioma classification have provided important clinical application for diagnostics and treatment; however, the search for molecular signatures that further refine glioma subtypes into more homogeneous subgroups is an ongoing effort. This study used the largest sample cohort (n=932) of adult gliomas to date, ranging from grades II to IV, in order to define gliomas subgroups using DNA methylation signatures, independent of histopathological grading. In total, 7 subtypes were identified: Classic-like, Mesenchymal-like, LGm6-GBM, PA-like, Codels, G-CIMP-low and G-CIMP-high. Most IDH -wildtype subgroups, e.g. Classic-like, Mesenchymal-like and LGm6-GBM, had low DNA methylation pattern and a poor outcome, typical of glioblastomas, the most aggressive phenotype of gliomas. An interesting finding was the identification of the PA-like subgroup within IDH -wildtype samples, which shared similar genomic features with pilocytic astrocytoma, a rare pediatric benign glioma, with a good overall survival (OS) among IDH -wildtype gliomas. Codels, which comprise IDH mutant gliomas with codeletion of chromosomes 1p/19q have the best OS across all adult gliomas. An important finding regarding IDH mutant gliomas with no codeletion of chromosomes 1p/19q, was the further segregation of the Glioma-CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (G-CIMP) into G-CIMP-low, with lower levels of DNA methylation and worse OS, and G-CIMP-high, characterized by higher DNA methylation profile and better OS. Interestingly, the degree of G-CIMP methylation (-low and -high) was associated with distinct alterations in regulatory elements and aberrant histone modifications at promoter regions of cell cycle genes. These findings consolidated the clinical importance of epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, in gliomas, as well as the possibility that aggressive OS in G-CIMP-low may be driven by regulatory elements. Moreover, our results suggest that active enhancers that might be acting in gene regulation in G-CIMP-low provide more evidence of the regulatory elements that might be driving aggressiveness and proliferation in G-CIMP-low. This study aims 1) to identify and characterize adult diffuse glioma DNA methylation subtypes, and 2) evaluate the association of histone modifications with a more aggressive G-CIMP subtype
 
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THAISSARRAFSABEDOT.pdf (17.00 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2019-04-02
 
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