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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.12.2019.tde-07012019-112337
Document
Author
Full name
Emerson Faria
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Carrete, Liliam Sanchez (President)
Bergmann, Daniel Reed
Rocha, Ricardo Humberto
Tavares, Rosana
Title in Portuguese
Fintechs de crédito e intermediários financeiros: uma análise comparativa de eficiência
Keywords in Portuguese
Bancos
Crédito
FinTech
P2PL
Abstract in Portuguese
Após a crise financeira global de 2008/09 iniciou-se uma forte onda de inovação na oferta de produtos e serviços financeiros, tais como novos sistemas de pagamento através de computadores e celulares, infraestrutura para transações financeiras (Blockchain), empréstimos diretos entre as partes (P2PL), entre outras. Essas inovações foram trazidas por um novo tipo de negócio denominado FinTech (contração dos termos Finance e Technology - Finanças e Tecnologia, em inglês), caracterizadas pela entrega de produtos e serviços financeiros através de uma combinação de uso extensivo de tecnologia, estrutura operacional enxuta, foco no cliente e práticas flexíveis de negócios. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as FinTechs com os intermediários financeiros tradicionais. Para se atingir este objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa sob a metodologia profissional a partir de uma abordagem multi-métodos, utilizando-se os métodos de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. Na primeira parte da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativa e exploratória, foram levantadas as principais similaridades e diferenças entre as FinTechs e os intermediários financeiros tradicionais, diferenciadas as vantagens e desvantagens de cada modelo de negócio, comparados os aspectos operacionais de cada modelo, e identificado se a aptidão das FinTechs está mais para serem parceira ou concorrente dos intermediários financeiros tradicionais, de acordo com os objetivos secundários desta pesquisa. Na segunda parte, de caráter quantitativa descritiva, foi utilizada a técnica de análise comparativa com amostragem não probabilística, onde verificou-se que, na comparação com os intermediários financeiros tradicionais, as FinTechs possuem: (i) maior custo de intermediação financeira (FinTechs entre 12,5% a.a. e 20,0 % a.a. x Bancos entre 4,3% a.a. e 4,8% a.a.); (ii) maior despesa de intermediação financeira (FinTechs entre 15,3% a.a. e 20,6% a.a. x Bancos entre 1,0% a.a. e 3,3% a.a.); (iii) maior relação despesas/receitas (FinTechs entre 119,1% e 129,4% x Bancos entre 63,2% e 68,7%); e (iv) retorno negativo sobre o patrimônio líquido médio (FinTechs entre -11,9% a.a. e -10,4% a.a. x Bancos entre 3,8% a.a. e 10,6% a.a.). Essa diferença significativa entre os indicadores das FinTechs e dos intermediários financeiros tradicionais pode ser explicada pelos seguintes fatores: (i) as FinTechs ainda não possuem o mesmo nível de maturidade dos intermediários financeiros tradicionais; e (ii) as FinTechs ainda não possuem escala suficiente para atingir os mesmos níveis de eficiência operacional dos intermediários financeiros tradicionais. Este trabalho buscou contribuir para que as FinTechs e os intermediários financeiros tradicionais encontrem suas melhores aptidões como modelo de negócio, melhorando a concorrência entre os agentes do sistema financeiro e resultando na oferta e prestação de produtos e serviços financeiros de forma mais justa e eficiente para a sociedade em geral.
Title in English
Credit FinTechs and financial intermediaries: a comparative analysis of efficiency.
Keywords in English
Banks
Credit
FinTech
P2PL
Abstract in English
After the global financial crisis of 2008/09 started a new wave of innovation in the offering of products and financial services, such as new payment systems through computers and cell phones, infrastructure for financial transactions (Blockchain), peer-to-peer lending (P2PL), among others. These innovations were brought by a new type of startups denominated FinTech (contraction of the terms Finance and Technology), characterized by the deliverance of financial products and services through a combination of an extensive use of technology, lean operational structure, focus on the client and flexible business practices. In this sense, the objective of this work was to compare the FinTechs with the traditional financial intermediaries. To reach this objective, it was conducted a research under the professional methodology with a multi-methods approach, using both the qualitative and quantitative methods of research. In the first part of the research, under the qualitative exploratory approach, it was raised the main similarities and differences between FinTechs and traditional financial intermediaries, differentiated the advantages and disadvantages of each business model, compared the determinant aspects of each model and identified if the aptitude of the FinTechs is more to be a partner or a competitor of the traditional financial intermediaries, according to the secondary objectives of this study. In the second part, under the quantitative descriptive approach, it was used the comparative analysis technique with a non probabilistic sample, where was observed that, in comparison with the traditional financial intermediaries, the FinTechs have: (i) higher cost of financial intermediation (FinTechs between 12.5% p.a. and 20.0 % p.a. vs Banks between 4,3% p.a. and 4.8% p.a.); (ii) higher expense with financial intermediation (FinTechs between 15.3% p.a. and 20.6% p.a. vs. Banks between 1.0% p.a. and 3.3% p.a.); (iii) higher cost/income ratio (FinTechs between 119.1% and 129.4% vs. Banks between 63.2% and 68.7%); and (iv) negative return on average equity (FinTechs between -11,9% p.a. and -10,4% p.a. vs. Banks between 3.8% p.a. and 10.6% p.a.) This significant difference between the indicators of the FinTech and the traditional financial intermmediaries can be explained by the following factors: (i) FinTechs still do not have the same level of maturity of the traditional financial intermediaries; and (ii) FinTechs still do not have enough scale to reach the same levels of operational efficiency of the traditional financial intermediaries. This work aimed to contribute for the FinTechs and traditional financial intermediaries to find their best aptitude as business model, improving the competition among the agents of the financial system and resulting in the offering of more fair and efficient financial products and services to the society in general.
 
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CorrigidoEmerson.pdf (1.71 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2019-01-17
 
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