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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2017.tde-17082017-091648
Document
Author
Full name
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Colistete, Renato Perim (President)
Irigoin, Maria Alejandra
Marquese, Rafael de Bivar
Summerhill, Willian Roderich
Villela, André Arruda
Title in English
The cotton trade and Brazilian foreign commerce during the industrial revolution
Keywords in English
Brazilian empire
Colonial period (1500-1822)
Cotton
Industrial Revolution
Abstract in English
This dissertation provides a new interpretation for the rise and subsequent decline of Brazil as a cotton supplier to the British textile sector during the Industrial Revolution. Between 1791 and 1801, northeast Brazilachieved a market share of 40 percent in Liverpool. Contrary to what scholars previously argued,the chief cause for the rise of Brazil as a major cotton exporterwas its superior cotton fiber for the new calico and muslin textiles produced in Britain. Notwithstanding the initial success, Brazilian cotton exports stagnated after 1819. Previous interpretations argued that the decline of Brazilian cotton plantations was a result of labor shortagesand high inland transport costs. This dissertation instead provides evidence showing that cotton regions in Brazil had in fact a high density of slaves. Likewise, transport costs represented a small fraction of cotton market prices. For cotton planters, the largest economic burden was the fiscal policy implemented by the central government after 1808. The need to increase revenues led the central government to tax the most important commodities at the time. Export taxes represented the largest cost for cotton production in Brazil until the 1840s. As regional governments could not tax imports, they were left with little resources to invest in infrastructure projects that could offset the increasing costs of taxation. In the end, higher production costs reduced Brazil's ability to face the challenge of new competitors in the international cotton market during the nineteenth century.
Title in Portuguese
Algodão e o comércio internacional do Brasil durante a revolução industrial
Keywords in Portuguese
Algodão
Brasil império
Período colonial (1500-1822)
Revolução industrial
Abstract in Portuguese
Essa dissertação fornece uma nova interpretação para a ascensão e subsequente declínio do Brasil como um fornecedor de algodão para o setor têxtil britânico durante a Revolução Industrial.Entre 1791 e 1801, o nordeste do Brasil alcançou uma participação de mercado de 40% em Liverpool.Contrário ao que os pesquisadores normalmente argumentam, a principal causa do surgimento do Brasil como um importante exportador de algodão foi a qualidade superior da sua fibra para os novos têxteis produzidos na Grã-Bretanha.Não obstante o sucesso inicial, as exportações brasileiras de algodão estagnaram após 1819. As interpretações anteriores argumentaram que o declínio das plantações brasileiras de algodão foi resultado da escassez de mão-de-obra e dos altos custos de transporte terrestre.Essa dissertação, no entanto, fornece evidências de que as regiões de algodão no Brasil tinham, de fato, uma alta densidade de escravos. Do mesmo modo, os custos de transporte representaram uma pequena fração dos preços de mercado do algodão.Para os plantadores de algodão, o maior fardo econômico foi a política fiscal implementada pelo governo central após 1808. A necessidade de aumentar as receitas levou o governo central a tributar as commodities mais importantes na época.Os impostos de exportação representaram o maior custo de produção de algodão no Brasil até a década de 1840. Como os governos regionais não podiam tributar as importações, ficaram com poucos recursos para investir em projetos de infraestrutura que poderiam compensar os crescentes custos de tributação.No final, os custos de produção mais elevados reduziram a capacidade do Brasil de enfrentar o desafio de novos concorrentes no mercado internacional do algodão durante o século XIX.
 
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CorrigidaThales.pdf (4.36 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2017-08-23
 
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