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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.12.2013.tde-01042014-150329
Document
Author
Full name
Rafael Falcão Noda
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Martelanc, Roy (President)
Nakamura, Wilson Toshiro
Savoia, Jose Roberto Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Custo de capital ex-ante: variáveis explicativas e prêmio pelo risco de mercado no Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Custo de capital
Investimentos
Mercado de capitais
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho propõe um modelo para estimativa do custo de capital próprio ex-ante baseado no índice lucro/preço, E/P, na taxa de crescimento esperada para o lucro na perpetuidade, g, e no coeficiente ?, o qual mede a taxa de conversão de crescimento em rentabilidade e, portanto, em valor. Tal modelo é testado com base em uma amostra brasileira, utilizando metodologia econométrica de regressões multivariadas em primeira diferença de séries temporais. São utilizadas como variáveis explicativas medidas alternativas para a taxa livre de risco e para a taxa esperada de crescimento do lucro na perpetuidade. Diversas das medidas utilizadas foram relevantes para explicar os índices E/P no Brasil, corroborando as hipóteses formuladas. Os resultados mostram, também, que as medidas mais individualmente adequadas para a taxa livre de risco a serem utilizadas para precificação de ações no Brasil são aquelas baseadas em yields de títulos soberanos emitidos pelo governo dos EUA adicionados do prêmio pelo risco Brasil, medido com base no índice EMBI+ Brazil. Identifica-se que as taxas de juros locais, apesar de apresentarem poder explicativo individualmente inferior, são fatores com poder explicativo conjunto significativo, resultando em um modelo com uma taxa livre de risco média ponderada. Quanto à taxa esperada para o crescimento na perpetuidade, a variável mais significativa foi a projeção de consenso de mercado de curto prazo para o crescimento do PIB. Por fim, estima-se o prêmio pelo risco de mercado ex-ante no Brasil, com base no modelo proposto, utilizando coeficientes e variáveis identificadas nos testes econométricos. Tal estimativa mostrou-se substancialmente mais precisa quando comparada àquelas baseadas em retornos ex-post, inclusive em mercados internacionais, bem como quando comparada a outras metodologias ex-ante no Brasil.
Title in English
Ex-ante cost of equity: explanatory variables and market risk premium in Brazil
Keywords in English
Capital markets
Cost of capital
Investments
Abstract in English
This work proposes a model for the estimation of the implied cost of equity. Such model is based on earnings/price ratios, E/P, on the expected perpetual earnings growth rate, g, and on the ? coefficient, which measures the rate of conversion of growth to return, and, therefore, to value. The proposed model is tested on a Brazilian sample, using multivariate first-difference time series regressions. The explanatory variables include several alternative measures for the risk-free rate and the expected perpetual earnings growth rate. The results show that most of the selected measures were relevant in explaining E/P ratios in Brazil, confirming the proposed hypothesis. The results also show that US sovereign bonds, combined with a measure for the Brazilian risk premium, the EMBI+ Brazil index, are the most relevant measures for the risk-free rate to be used in equity valuation in Brazil. Additionally, we conclude that local interest rates, albeit having individually lower explanatory power, remain relevant in conjunction with international bond yields, resulting in a weighted average risk-free rate. The most significant measure for the expected perpetuity growth rate was the short term consensus forecast for the GDP. Finally, we estimate the ex-ante market risk premium in Brazil, using the proposed model with coefficients and variables selected based on the econometric results. Such estimate is substantially more accurate when compared to ex-post estimates, including those for international markets, as well as other ex-ante estimates for the Brazilian market.
 
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RafaelFalcaoNoda.pdf (960.65 Kbytes)
Publishing Date
2014-04-02
 
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