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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2008.tde-02122008-102737
Document
Author
Full name
Adalberto de Lima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Gonçalves, Carlos Eduardo Soares (President)
Benegas, Mauricio
Bugarin, Mauricio Soares
Postali, Fernando Antonio Slaibe
Rodrigues Junior, Mauro
Title in Portuguese
Três ensaios em economia política
Keywords in Portuguese
Democracia
Economia política - Ensaios
Eleitorado
Votação
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste artigo utiliza-se a reforma constitucional brasileira de 1988 para investigar o impacto da extensão do direito de voto sobre a composição dos gastos públicos. Posterior ao processo de democratização a nova constituição estendeu o direito de voto aos analfabetos, o que representa uma mudança exógena na composição do eleitorado proporcionando uma clara estratégia de identificação. Uma vez que as taxas de analfabetismo variam consideravelmente entre os municípios, pode-se testar se políticas de gastos públicos favoráveis aos mais pobres sofreram elevações mais acentuadas nos municípios com maiores taxas iniciais de analfabetismo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o gasto com transferências se elevou mais acentuadamente naqueles municípios que exibiram maior percentual de eleitores analfabetos. Tudo o mais constante, uma mudança de um desvio padrão na taxa de analfabetismo está associada a uma elevação de 1,5 pontos percentuais na razão transferências/gasto total.
Title in English
Three essays in political economy
Keywords in English
Democracy
Electorate
Voting
Abstract in English
In the first paper, we explore Brazils 1988 Constitutional reform to investigate how a major change in the franchise affected the pattern and level of public spending. After redemocratization, the new Constitution extended the franchise to illiterate citizens previously not allowed to cast their votes. This exogenous change in the composition of the electorate is the base of our identification strategy. Since illiteracy rates varied substantially across municipalities, we are able to test whether pro-poor public expenditures increased more in municipalities with higher initial illiteracy rates. We do find that transfers rose more sharply in municipalities harboring more illiterate voters. The second paper studies the relationship between democracy and growth in a crosscountry analysis using data for years 1950-2005. Using econometric duration models to evaluate the impact of modernization hypothesis we find evidence supporting the exogenous modernization theory, in the sense that democracy has more duration in a richest and more educated country. But the duration of dictatorship isnt reduced by economic growth or rise of educational attainment. The last paper surveys the literature about the empirical comparison between directional and proximity models. We discuss the data collected process, estimation strategy and results, focusing in the post 1999 works. Theres no indication of superiority for neither of the theories, suggesting that the field is still active.
 
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TeseAdalbertopdf.pdf (541.65 Kbytes)
Publishing Date
2008-12-09
 
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