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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2012.tde-18072012-145523
Document
Author
Full name
Kelly Teixeira Rodrigues Farias
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Martins, Gilberto de Andrade (President)
Almeida, José Elias Feres de
Aquino, André Carlos Busanelli de
Lima, Gerlando Augusto Sampaio Franco de
Silveira, Alexandre di Miceli da
Title in Portuguese
Mecanismos de controle do reporting financeiro das companhias abertas do Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Contabilidade financeira
Governança corporativa
Informações contábeis
Mercado de capitais
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o efeito complementar entre os mecanismos de alinhamento de incentivo e de monitoramento no controle do reporting financeiro das companhias abertas do Brasil. Sustentando-se nas predições da Teoria de Agência e, especificamente, nas hipóteses de Fama e Jensen (1983a) conjecturou-se que os mecanismos de alinhamento e de monitoramento atuam de forma complementar na restrição do comportamento discricionário do administrador. Para testar essa proposição, formulou-se um sistema de hipóteses, que testou o efeito desses mecanismos de maneira isolada e conjunta em relação aos accruals discricionários, controlados pela complexidade organizacional. Os accruals discricionários foram estimados por meio do Modelo de Kang e Sivaramakrishnan (1995). Os mecanismos de alinhamento de incentivo testados foram: plano de incentivo dos diretores e administradores vinculado ao lucro, valor global da remuneração dos administradores e sua participação nos lucros. Os mecanismos de monitoramento observados foram: tamanho do conselho de administração, percentual de membros externos no conselho de administração, percentual de conselheiros internos, que compõem o conselho de administração, a presença do conselho fiscal, o caráter permanente do conselho fiscal, auditoria externa realizada por grandes empresas de auditoria, a mudança de empresa de auditoria externa e parecer de auditoria. Como medidas de complexidade organizacional foram utilizadas as variáveis: tamanho da empresa, ciclo de vida, estrutura de capital, dívidas de longo prazo, rentabilidade e setor. Os testes foram realizados em uma amostra de 198 companhias abertas, ativas e em fase operacional no período de 1998 a 2010. Os resultados indicam que participação nos lucros de diretores e administradores foi o único mecanismo de incentivo significativo, para explicar as variações nos accruals, assim como o mecanismo de monitoramento percentual de membros externos no conselho de administração, porém ambos relacionando-se negativamente com os accruals, o que evidencia a relação complementar entre tais mecanismos. Esses mecanismos se mantiveram significativos tanto nos modelos isolados, quanto no modelo que os estimou em conjunto e nos testes adicionais. As variáveis relacionadas à complexidade organizacional, que reforçam a relação entre os mecanismos e accruals foram: tamanho da empresa, ciclo de vida e rentabilidade. Testes adicionais mostraram que tanto a promulgação da SOX em 2002, quanto a implantação do padrão IFRS na Europa e no Brasil, apresentaram efeito negativo significativo em relação aos accruals discricionários. Os resultados evidenciam que o mecanismo de incentivo atua em conjunto com o mecanismo de monitoramento, para explicar os accruals discricionários das companhias abertas do Brasil, corroborando com a tese da complementariedade entre tais mecanismos no controle do comportamento discricionário do administrador no reporting financeiro. Pesquisas futuras poderão investigar se esses resultados se mantêm em uma amostra de empresas, que foram listadas recentemente, testar outras métricas de mecanismos, tais como: a participação acionária dos diretores e administradores, a participação dos investidores institucionais, a presença de comitê de auditoria, bem como utilizar outras proxies para medir aquelas estimadas nessa pesquisa.
Title in English
Mechanisms of control of financial reporting of public companies in Brazil
Keywords in English
Accounting information
Capital market
Corporate governance
Financial accounting
Abstract in English
The objective of this research was to investigate the complementary effect between the incentive alignment mechanisms and the monitoring control of financial reporting of Brazilian public companies. Based on the Agency Theory, specifically on Fama and Jensen's (1983a) hypothesis, conjectured that the alignment mechanisms and monitoring act in a complementary way on the restriction of the discretionary management behavior. To test this proposition, formulated a system of hypothesis which tested the effect of this mechanisms in both isolated and united in relation to the discretionary accruals, controlled by organizational complexity. The discretionary accruals were estimated using Kang and Sivaramakrishnam's model (1995). The tested incentive alignment mechanisms were: manager incentive plan linked to profit, global manager payment value and profit participation. The monitoring mechanisms observed were: board size, percentage of external members on board, internal directors' percentage, which compound the board, the presence of fiscal council, external auditing made by big auditing companies. As organizational complexity measures there were used the following variables: company size, life cycle, capital structure, long term debts, profitability and industry. The tests were done using 198 active and in operational phase public companies, from the period 1998 to 2010. The results indicate that the profit participation to the directors and managers was the only significant incentive mechanisms to explain the variations on accruals, as the mechanisms of percentage monitoring of external members on the board., but both were negatively related to accruals, which highlights the complementary relationship between these mechanisms. These mechanisms have been being significant in both isolated and united ways and additional testing. The variables related to organizational complexity which reinforce the relation between mechanisms and accruals were: company size, life cycle and profitability. Additional tests showed that both the promulgation of SOX in 2002 presented significant effect as well as the implementation of IFRS pattern in Europe. and Brazil. The results allow the conclusion that the incentive mechanism act in union with the monitoring mechanism, to explain of discretionary accruals of Brazilian public companies, supporting the thesis of complementarity between these mechanisms on the control of discretionary manager behavior on the financial reporting. Future researches can investigate if these results are kept on a sample of companies which had been recently listed as public companies, test other measures and mechanisms such as: the share participation of managers, institutional investors participation, the presence of auditing committee, as well as the use of other proxies to measure the ones estimated on this research.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-08-01
 
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