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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2012.tde-23102012-162037
Document
Author
Full name
Sheila Salles de Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Vendramim, José Djair (President)
Bogorni, Paulo César
Forim, Moacir Rossi
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do efeito sistêmico de nanoformulações à base de derivados de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sobre Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em tomateiro
Keywords in Portuguese
Mosca-branca
Nanotecnologia
Nim
Plantas inseticidas
Polímeros
Abstract in Portuguese
A nanotecnologia é cada vez mais empregada em métodos alternativos de controle de pragas. Em virtude disso, nanoformulações foram preparadas com nanocápsulas (NC) utilizando os polímeros poli-metacrilato de metila (PMMA), poli-?-caprolactona (PCL) e poli- ?-hidroxibutirato (PHB) como agentes encapsulantes de duas moléculas inseticidas (azadiractina e 3-tigloilazadiractol), e tendo como matriz oleosa o óleo de nim ou o óleo comercial Azamax®, ambos com teor de azadiractina enriquecido. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia de 19 nanoformulações no controle de ninfas de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, importante praga nas condições tropicais, por meio da ação sistêmica do ingrediente ativo liberado. Primeiramente foi estimada a CL50 para ação sistêmica de soluções contendo óleo de nim em tomateiro sobre ninfas da mosca-branca. As plantas de tomateiro utilizadas nesse experimento foram congeladas e analisadas quanto ao teor de azadiractina. Posteriormente, cinco lotes de nanoformulações, os quais variaram no tipo e na quantidade dos polímeros e da matriz oleosa, foram testados quanto à ação sistêmica. Duas nanoformulações em suspensão aquosa foram selecionadas (NC L5-2 e NC L6-1) por causarem mortalidade comparável à do óleo comercial, e, juntamente com uma nanoformulação em pó (NC L5-3) foram avaliadas quanto ao seu efeito residual. Os valores estimados para a CL50 foram diferentes sendo 180,67 ppm de azadiractina no primeiro e 54,75 ppm no segundo ensaio. As nanoformulações dos lotes 2, 3 e 4 causaram mortalidade acumulada inferior a 30%, mesmo quando aplicadas no dobro da concentração do segundo ensaio da CL50. Os lotes 5 e 6 apresentaram mortalidades superiores, sendo o lote 6 aquele com maior eficiência ocasionando mortalidade variável de 73,43 a 91,11%. Verificou-se que a ação sistêmica de óleos e nanoformulações contendo compostos de nim depende das condições ambientais em que são aplicados; quando soluções de azadiractina e 3-tigloilazadiractol são aplicadas no solo, as maiores concentrações da primeira substância são encontradas na parte superior da planta e da segunda nas folhas inferiores; o óleo comercial Azamax® não afeta a oviposição e a viabilidade dos ovos da mosca-branca quando aplicado no solo no momento da infestação, as nanoformulações selecionadas são bioativas mesmo cerca de 30 dias após a aplicação, não diferindo, porém, do óleo comercial.
Title in English
Evaluation of the systemic effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) nanoformulations against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato plants
Keywords in English
Insecticidal plants
Nanotechnology
Polymers
Whitefly
Abstract in English
Nanotechnology is more used as an alternative method of pest control. Therefore, nanoformulations were prepared with nanocapsules (NC) using the polymers methyl polymethacrylate (PMMA), poly-å-caprolactone (PCL) e poly-â- hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as encapsulating agents of two insecticide molecules (azadirachtin and 3-tigloylazadirachtol). Neem oil or commercial oil Azamax®, both with level of azadirachtin-enriched, were used as oily matrix. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 19 nanoformulations against nymphs of Bemisia tabaci biotype B, an important pest in tropical conditions, by means of systemic action of the released active ingredient. Firstly, the LC50 was estimated for a systemic action of neem oil solutions applied on tomato plants against nymphs of whitefly. The tomato plants used in this experiment were frozen and the level of azadirachtin was quantified. After that, five lots of nanoformulations, which varied in type and amount of polymers and oily matrix, were tested by means of a systemic action. Two nanoformulations in aqueous suspension were selected (NC L5-2 and NC L6-1) because they provoked both mortality and commercial oil. To these a powder nanoformulation (NC L-3) was included, and all of them were evaluated according to their residual effect. The value of LC50 estimated was different in two experiments: 180.67 ppm of azadirachtin in the first one and 54.75 ppm in the second one. The lots 2, 3 and 4 of nanoformulations caused cumulative mortality in less than 30%, although, in some cases, it had been applied in concentration equal to twice the LC50 of the second experiment. The lots 5 and 6 showed higher mortality, and the lot 6 presented higher efficiency causing mortality between 73.43 and 91.11%. It was observed that the systemic action of oils and nanoformulations containing compounds from neem depends on environmental conditions in which they are applied; when azadirachtin solutions are applied to the soil, the highest concentrations of this substance are found at the top of the plant and to the 3-tigloilazadirachtol, the higher concentration is in the lower leaves; the commercial oil Azamax® does not affect the oviposition and egg viability of whitefly when applied to the soil at the time of infestation; the selected nanoformulations are bioactive at least 30 days after their application. However, they are not different from commercial oil.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-11-09
 
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