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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2016.tde-15042016-181233
Document
Author
Full name
Renan Venancio da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Moraes, Gilberto José de (President)
Castilho, Raphael de Campos
Flechtmann, Carlos Holger Wenzel
Title in English
Potential use of edaphic predatory mites for the control of hematophagous mites (Acari)
Keywords in English
Biological Control
Diversity
Ecology
Taxonomy
Abstract in English
A major concern in animal production is the occurrence of hematophagous organisms, as ticks and poultry mites. The control of these organisms is usually done with chemicals. However, this technique is being discouraged in several countries. An alternative measure is biological control. It is known that most mites of the cohort Gamasina (order Mesostigmata) are predators and their diversity and prevalence in places where ticks and poultry mites cause problems are poorly understood. One of the first recommended steps in a biological control program is to determine the fauna where the pest organisms are to be controlled. The objectives of this study were to determine the Gamasina co-occurring with Ixodes ricinus (L.) in pastures in Norway and prospect possible edaphic predatory mites of that group in Brazil to control ticks and poultry mites. In this study, 2,900 Gamasina of 12 families were collected in Norway, co-occurring with I. ricinus. The most abundant families were Parasitidae (46.9%) and Veigaiidae (25.9%), while the most diverse were Laelapidae, Macrochelidae, Parasitidae and Zerconidae, each with five species. Among these mites, a new laelapid species of Cosmolaelaps was found and is here described. In Brazil, 551 gamasines assigned to 11 families were collected and tested for their potential to feed on larvae and eggs of two tick species, Amblyomma sculptum Berlese and Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini), and all stages of the red poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer). The most abundant families were Ologamasidae (25.4%) and Parasitidae (21.1%), while the most diverse (in terms of genera) were Ologamasidae and Laelapidae, with five and four genera, respectively. Of the evaluated predators, only Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) fed on the larvae of both tick species and all stages of D. gallinae.
Title in Portuguese
Potencial do uso de ácaros predadores edáficos para controle de ácaros hematófagos (Acari)
Keywords in Portuguese
Controle biológico
Diversidade
Ecologia
Taxonomia
Abstract in Portuguese
Uma das principais preocupações ao longo do processo de produção animal é a ocorrência de organismos hematófagos, como carrapatos e piolhinhos. O controle destes organismos usualmente é feito com produtos químicos. Porém, esta técnica de controle vem sendo desencorajada em diversos países. Uma forma alternativa é o controle biológico. Sabe-se que a maioria dos ácaros do grupo Gamasina (ordem Mesostigmata) são de hábito predador, porém sua diversidade e prevalência nos locais em que carrapatos e piolhinhos causam problemas são pouco conhecidas. Um dos primeiros passos recomendados num programa de controle biológico é a determinação da fauna no local onde deseja-se o controle dos organismos praga. Os objetivos deste estudo foram a determinação dos Gamasina que co-ocorrem com Ixodes ricninus (L.) em pastagens na Noruega e a busca por possíveis ácaros predadores edáficos daquele grupo no Brasil, para controle de carrapatos e piolhinhos. No presente estudo, 2900 Gamasina afiliados à 12 famílias foram coletados na Noruega, co-ocorrendo com I. ricinus. As famílias mais numerosas foram Parasitidae (46,9%) e Veigaiidae (25,9%), enquanto que as mais diversas foram Laelapidae, Macrochelidae, Parasitidae e Zerconidae, cada uma com cinco espécies. Dentre estes ácaros, um novo laelapídeo do gênero Cosmolaelaps é descrito da Noruega. No Brasil, foram testados 551 Gamasina afiliados a 11 famílias, incluindo Laelapidae, Macrochelidae, Parasitidae e Veigaiidae, os quais foram testados quanto ao seu potencial em alimentar-se de larvas e ovos dos carrapatos Amblyomma sculptum Berlese e Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini), e de todos os estágios do piolhinho-de- galinha, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer). As famílias mais abundantes foram Ologamasidae (25,4 %) e Parasitidae (21,1%), enquanto as mais diversas (em termos de gênero) foram Ologamasidae e Laelapidae, com cinco e quatro gêneros, respectivamente. Dos predadores avaliados, apenas Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) alimentou-se das larvas de ambas espécies de carrapatos e de todos os estágios de desenvolvimento de D. gallinae.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-04-28
 
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