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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2008.tde-11072008-143018
Document
Author
Full name
Alberto Daniel Guanilo Alvarado
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Moraes, Gilberto José de (President)
Flechtmann, Carlos Holger Wenzel
Lofego, Antonio Carlos
Title in Portuguese
Busca de Tetranychus evansi e seus inimigos naturais no Peru e no norte da Argentina
Keywords in Portuguese
Ácaros
Ácaros parasitos de plantas
Argentina
Controle Biológico
Fungo entomopatogênico
Peru
Predação (Biologia).
Abstract in Portuguese
O ácaro Tetranychus evansi Baker e Pritchard é conhecido em diversos países atacando plantas da família Solanaceae. Este ácaro tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores, por atingir a condição de praga do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) na África e por sua recente dispersão a diversos países na região Mediterrânea e na Ásia. Considera-se a América do Sul como a possível região de origem deste ácaro. No contexto de um projeto de controle biológico clássico, buscas de inimigos de T. evansi têm sido realizadas na América do Sul, para sua introdução na África. O presente trabalho relata os resultados de buscas conduzidas no Peru e no norte da Argentina em lugares climaticamente semelhantes a regiões africanas onde T. evansi ocorre. As coletas foram realizadas em 10 Departamentos no Peru e em 6 Províncias da Argentina. Dos ácaros encontrados neste estudo, Phytoseiidae e Tetranychidae foram os mais diversos em ambos os países. T. evansi não foi encontrado no Peru, mas foi o tetraniquídeo mais frequentemente encontrado na Argentina. No Peru Tetranychus desertorum Banks foi o tetraniquídeo mais freqüente Os fitoseídeos mais frequentemente encontrados nos campos amostrados foram Euseius emanus (El-Banhawy), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) e Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) evectus (Schuster) no Peru e Euseius concordis (Chant) na Argentina. O fungo patogênico Neozygites floridana Weiser e Muma, Entomophthrales, foi o inimigo natural mais encontrado em associação com T. evansi na Argentina. Este fungo parece ser um agente de controle promissor daquela praga, tendo sido encontrado causando epizootias em um campo de tomateiro e outro de berinjela durante este estudo. Foram escassos os ácaros predadores associados a T. evansi na Argentina; N. californicus, Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark e Muma e Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) foram as espécies encontradas ocasionalmente associadas a T. evansi. Phytoseiulus longipes Evans, considerado um agente promissor de controle de T. evansi previamente detectado por outros autores no sul do Brasil, não foi encontrado na Argentina nem no Peru no presente estudo. Estudos complementares dos inimigos naturais encontrados neste estudo em associação com T. evansi devem ser conduzidos.
Title in English
Search for Tetranychus evansi and its natural enemies in Peru and northern Argentina
Keywords in English
Argentina
Biological control
Neozygites floridana
Peru
Phytoseiidae.
Tetranychus evansi
Abstract in English
The mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Tetranychidae) in known from several countries attacking plants of the family Solanaceae. It has been calling the attention of researchers for its pest status on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Africa and for its recent dispersal to countries in the Mediterranean region and in Asia. South America has been considered the possible region of origin of this mite. In the context of a classical biological control project, searches for efficient natural enemies of T. evansi have been conducted in South America, for introduction in Africa. The present work reports results of searches conducted in Peru and northern Argentina, in places climatically similarities to regions in Africa where T. evansi is found. The searches were conducted in 10 Departments in Peru and in 6 Provinces in Argentina. Of the mites found in those surveys, Phytoseiidae and Tetranychidae were the most diverse in both countries. T. evansi was not found in Peru, but it was the tetranychid most frequently found in Argentina. In the former country, Tetranychus desertorum Banks was the most frequent tetranychid. The phytoseiids most frequently found were Euseius emanus (El-Banhawy), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) e Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) evectus (Schuster) in Peru and Euseius concordis (Chant) in Argentina. The pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana Weiser and Muma, Entomophthorales, was the natural enemy most commonly found in association with T. evansi in Argentina. This fungus seems a promising control agent of T. evansi; it was found causing epizooties in a tomato and in an egg plant (Solanum melongena L.) plantation during this study. Predaceous mites were rarely found associated with T. evansi in Argentina; N. californicus, Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark & Muma and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) were the phtoseiids occasionally found in association with it. Phytoseilus longipes Evans, considered a promising control agent of T. evansi, found previously by other authors in southern Brazil, was neither found in Argentina nor Peru. Complementary studies on the performance of the natural enemies found in this study in association with T. evansi are warranted.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-07-24
 
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