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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2018.tde-20032018-104621
Document
Author
Full name
Renata Mota Lupp
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Monteiro, Francisco Antonio (President)
Cerri, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino
Mattos, Waldssimiler Teixeira de
Title in Portuguese
Suprimento de enxofre e o estresse causado pelo excesso de zinco no capim tanzânia
Keywords in Portuguese
Enzimas antioxidantes
Estresse oxidativo
Fitoremediação
Gramínea forrageira
Nutrição mineral
Prolina
Toxidez por metal
Abstract in Portuguese
O capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) é promissor para uso em fitorremediação, devido ao seu sistema radicular extenso, boa adaptação a variados ambientes e alto rendimento de biomassa quando bem nutrido. O enxofre faz parte de compostos essenciais ao sistema antioxidante das plantas. A toxicidade causada por alta disponibilidade de metais, como o zinco, no meio de cultivo é um problema ambiental crescente. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do enxofre em amenizar o estresse causado pelo excesso de zinco no capim tanzânia. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em Piracicaba - SP, durante o verão, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial fracionado, com as combinações de doses de enxofre (mmol L-1) e zinco (μmol L-1): 0,1/0,7; 0,1/500; 0,1/3000; 1,0/250; 1,0/1000; 1,9/0,7; 1,9/500; 1,9/3000; 2,8/250; 2,8/1000; 3,7/0,7; 3,7/500 e 3,7/3000. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: componentes de produção (perfilhos, folhas, área foliar, massa de parte aérea e de raízes), concentrações dos nutrientes (N, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn), valor SPAD, atividades de enzimas do sistema antioxidante (GR, GPOX, APX, CAT e SOD) e concentração de prolina. A toxicidade de zinco no primeiro crescimento do capim limitou a produção de massa seca e o número total de folhas, enquanto no segundo crescimento também ocorreu limitação na área foliar e no número total de perfilhos. A concentração de enxofre na planta aumentou em função do fornecimento de enxofre e do excesso de zinco no meio de cultivo. O excesso de zinco na planta provocou desequilíbrio na nutrição da planta com os micronutrientes cobre, ferro e manganês. Os indicadores do estresse oxidativo foram sensíveis para detectar a toxicidade do zinco no capim. As reduções na concentração de prolina e nas atividades de enzimas do sistema antioxidante demonstraram o efeito do enxofre em aliviar o estresse por toxicidade de zinco no capim tanzânia.
Title in English
Sulfur supply and stress caused by zinc excess in tanzania guinea grass
Keywords in English
Panicum maximum
Antioxidant enzymes
Forage grass
Heavy metal toxicity
Mineral nutrition
Oxidative stress
Phytoremediation
Proline
Abstract in English
Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) is promising for use in phytoremediation due to its extensive root system, good adaptation to diverse environments, and high biomass production when well nourished. Sulfur is part of essential compounds to the plant's antioxidant system. Toxicity caused by high availability of metals, such as zinc, in the growth medium is a growing environmental problem. The objective was to evaluate the effect of sulfur in mitigating the stress caused by zinc excess in tanzania guinea grass. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Piracicaba, SP, during the summer, in a randomized block design with rates of sulfur (mmol L-1) and zinc (μmol L-1) of 1/0.7; 0.1/500; 0.1/3000; 1.0/250; 1.0/1000; 1.9/0.7; 1.9/500; 1.9/3000; 2.8/250; 2.8/1000; 3.7/0.7; 3.7/500 and 3.7/3000. The response variables evaluated were plant production components (number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, and shoots and roots dry matter), nutrient concentrations (N, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), SPAD value, activities of the antioxidant enzymes (GR, GPOX, APX, CAT and SOD) and proline concentration. Zinc toxicity in the first growth of the grass limited the dry mass production and the total number of leaves, while in the second growth also there was limitation in the leaf area and the total number of tillers. The concentration of sulfur in the plant increased as a function of sulfur supply and excess zinc in the growth medium. Excess zinc in the plant caused imbalance in plant nutrition for the micronutrients copper, iron and manganese. The indicators of oxidative stress were sensitive to detect grass toxicity by zinc. Reductions in proline concentration and enzyme activities of the antioxidant system demonstrated the effect of sulfur in alleviating the stress of zinc toxicity in tanzania guinea grass.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-04-05
 
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