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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2013.tde-27052013-154517
Document
Author
Full name
Lilian Elgalise Techio Pereira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Sila Carneiro da (President)
Herling, Valdo Rodrigues
Paciullo, Domingos Sávio Campos
Ruggieri, Ana Cláudia
Sbrissia, André Fischer
Title in Portuguese
Dinâmica do crescimento e componentes do acúmulo de forragem de capim-elefante cv. Napier submetido a estratégias de pastejo rotativo
Keywords in Portuguese
Acúmulo de forragem
Fluxo de tecidos
Interceptação luminosa
Manejo do pastejo
Mecanismos de rebrotação
Abstract in Portuguese
A estrutura do dossel e o acúmulo de forragem resultam de processos integrados de adaptação às condições ambientais e de manejo vigentes que incluem desde o fluxo de tecidos em indivíduos na comunidade vegetal até padrões de adaptação em nível de população de plantas. Baseado na hipótese de que estratégias de pastejo rotativo modificam as relações entre indivíduos da comunidade vegetal e alteram a proporção entre classes de perfilhos com consequências sobre a dinâmica dos processos morfogênicos e componentes do acúmulo de forragem do dossel o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como estão integradas as respostas morfogênicas e as características estruturais de perfilhos basais e aéreos ao longo da rebrotação e seu reflexo sobre o acúmulo de forragem e estrutura do dossel de capim-elefante cv. Napier de janeiro de 2011 a abril de 2012. Os tratamentos corresponderam a combinações entre duas condições pós- (alturas pós-pastejo de 35 e 45 cm) e duas condições pré-pastejo (95% e máxima interceptação de luz - IL95% e ILMáx) e foram alocados às unidades experimentais (piquetes de 850 m2) segundo arranjo fatorial 2x2 e delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Estratégias distintas de crescimento foram utilizadas pelo capim-elefante cv. Napier em resposta às metas de IL pré-pastejo. Estas foram caracterizadas por mudança na proporção e população das diferentes classes de perfilhos ilustrada pela maior relação aéreos/(basais+vasos condutores) nos pastos manejados com a meta ILMáx. A maior competição por recursos luminosos, função dos longos períodos de rebrotação para essa meta de IL pré-pastejo resultou em alongamento de colmos mais intenso e redução nas taxas de alongamento foliar por dia de filocrono durante as fases intermediária e final da rebrotação. Esse padrão de resposta, associado à menor velocidade de crescimento de perfilhos aéreos relativamente a basais, resultou em menores taxas de crescimento de folhas e maior taxa de crescimento de colmos, com consequente diminuição na taxa de acúmulo líquido de folhas nos pastos manejados com a meta ILMáx relativamente àqueles manejados com a meta IL95%. Pastos manejados com a meta IL95% apresentam alturas de dossel estáveis na condição pré-pastejo ao longo das épocas de maior disponibilidade de fatores de crescimento (85 cm). Maior relação aéreos/(basais+vasos condutores) foi verificada no outono e inverno, resultado que corrobora a expressiva participação de perfilhos aéreos nos componentes do acúmulo de forragem nessas épocas do ano. As metas pós-pastejo não interferiram sobre a proporção de perfilhos basais e aéreos e sobre a dinâmica dos processos morfogênicos ao longo da rebrotação, mas influenciaram de forma distinta as características morfogênicas e estruturais de perfilhos basais e aéreos e a velocidade de rebrotação, sendo que menores intervalos de pastejo foram obtidos nos pastos manejados a 45 cm. As metas de IL pré-pastejo possuem papel central na definição dos mecanismos compensatórios determinantes da habilidade competitiva do capim-elefante cv. Napier, os quais são maximizados com a meta IL95%.
Title in English
Dynamics of growth and components of herbage accumulation in elephant grass cv. Napier subjected to strategies of rotational stocking manament
Keywords in English
Canopy light interception
Grazing management
Herbage accumulation
Regrowth mechanisms
Tissue turnover
Abstract in English
Sward structure and herbage accumulation result in integrated processes of plant adaptation to environmental and management conditions ranging from the turnover of tissues on individual tillers to aspects of tiller population dynamics in a community level. Based on the hypothesis that strategies of rotational stocking management modify the relationships among individuals within a plant community and alter the proportion of different tiller categories, interfering with the dynamics of morphogenetic responses and components of herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to evaluate how the morphogenetic responses and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers are integrated during regrowth and what are the consequences to herbage accumulation and sward structure of elephant grass from January 2011 to April 2012. Treatments corresponded to combinations between two post- (post-grazing heights of 35 and 45 cm) and two pre-grazing conditions (95% and maximum canopy light interception during regrowth - LI95% and LIMáx), and were allocated to experimental units (850 m2 paddocks) according to a 2x2 factorial arrangement and a randomised complete block design, with four replications. Distinct growth strategies were used by elephant grass cv. Napier in response to LI pre-grazing management targets. These were characterised by changes in the proportion and population of different tiller classes, as illustrated by the higher [aerial tillers/(basal tillers + stems of conduction)] ratio of swards managed with the LIMax target. The more intense competition for light, consequence of longer regrowth periods for this LI pre-grazing target resulted in higher rates of stem elongation and lower leaf elongation rates per phyllochron day during the intermediate and final phases of regrowth. Such pattern of response, associated with the lower growth rate of aerial relative to basal tillers, resulted in lower rates of leaf growth and higher rates of stem growth, which determined reduction in rates of net leaf accumulation on swards managed with the LIMax target relative to those managed with the LI95% target. Swards managed with the LI95% target showed stable values of sward height pre-grazing (85 cm) during months of active plant growth (September 2011 to April 2012). Higher values of the [aerial tillers/(basal tillers + stems of conduction)] ratio were recorded during autumn and winter, a result in line with the expressive contribution of aerial tillers to herbage accumulation at that time of the year. Targets of post-grazing height used did not interfere with the proportion of basal and aerial tillers in plant population and with the dynamics of the morphogenetic responses throughout regrowth, but influenced in a different manner the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers and growth rate during regrowth, with shorter grazing intervals recorded on swards managed at 45 cm. Targets of LI pre-grazing play a central role in defining the compensatory mechanisms determining the competitive ability of elephant grass cv. Napier, which are maximised with the LI95% target.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-06-10
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • PEREIRA, L. E. T., et al. Components of herbage accumulation in elephant grass cvar Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management [doi:10.1017/S0021859613000695]. Journal of Agricultural Science [online], 2013, vol. 1, p. 1-13.
  • PEREIRA, L. E. T., et al. Components of herbage accumulation in elephant grass cvar Napier subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking management. Journal of Agricultural Science , 2013.
  • PEREIRA, L. E. T., et al. Morphogenetic responses during regrowth of elephant grass subjected to rotational stocking managements. Grass and Forage Science , 2013.
  • PEREIRA, L. E. T., et al. Morphogenesis of basal and aerial tillers of elephant grass subjected to rotational stocking managements. In 8th ASA, CSSA SSSA International Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, USA, 2012. Proceedings of the 8th ASA, CSSA SSSA International Annual Meeting.Cincinnati, EUA : ASA, CSSA and SSSA, 2012. Abstract.
  • PEREIRA, L. E. T., et al. Stem elongation on elephant grass subjected to strategies of rotational stocking management. In 6th International Crop Science Congress, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 2012. Proceedings of the 6th International Crop Science Congress.Bento Gonçalves, RS : International Crop Science Society, 2012. Abstract.
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