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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2013.tde-30102013-144329
Document
Author
Full name
Maryeimy Varon Lopez
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Andreote, Fernando Dini (President)
Cotta, Simone Raposo
Fiore, Marli de Fatima
Salles, Joana Falcão
Taketani, Rodrigo Gouvêa
Title in Portuguese
Descrição da microbiota relacionada às transformações do enxofre em sedimentos de manguezais
Keywords in Portuguese
Bactérias redutoras de sulfato
Deltaproteobacteria
Ecologia microbiana
Gammaproteobacteria
Abstract in Portuguese
Os manguezais são ambientes de transição entre os ecossistemas terrestres e marinhos, essenciais para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de muitas espécies de elevado interesse ecológico e econômico. Apesar de ter sua importância reconhecida, são constantemente impactados por diversos poluentes que influenciam sua estabilidade. Estes ecossistemas caracterizam-se por serem anaeróbicos, ricos em sulfato e em matéria orgânica, sendo os microrganismos fundamentais na ciclagem de nutrientes, em especial os envolvidos no ciclo do enxofre, onde os procariotos redutores de sulfato (sulphate-reducing prokaryotes, SRP) aparecem como um grupo frequente e com um papel preponderante. O presente estudo mostrou que as comunidades de arquéias, bactérias e bactérias redutoras de sulfato (sulphatereducing bacteria SRB) são abundantes, diversas e responsivas aos estados de intervenção dos manguezais. A abundância medida por qPCR mostrou que as quantidades de arquéias e bactérias aumentam com a contaminação. A diversidade estudada por pirosequenciamento do gene ribossomal 16S DNAr indicou que estes grupos são diversos, mostrando filos Euryarcheota e Crenarcheota do domínio Archaea, e os filos Deltaproteobacteria e Gammaproteobacteria, do domínio Bacteria, como grupos frequentes. A estrutura destas comunidades, avaliada por análises de co-ocorrência, revelou que a microbiota responde à contaminação, diminuindo e simplificando as interações, quanto maior for a contaminação. A diversidade dos grupos relacionados ao ciclo do enxofre, estudada por DGGE (aprA e dsrB), pirosequenciamento (dsrB) e GeoChip (aprA, dsrB), mostrou que a classe Deltaproteobacteria, representada pelas ordens Desulfobacterales e Desulfovibrionales, é o grupo prevalente na redução do sulfato, e as classes Gammaproteobacteria e Betaproteobacteria devem atuar na oxidação do enxofre (sulphur-oxidising - SOB). O GeoChip (aprA, dsrB) foi a única metodologia que permitiu detectar arquéias redutoras de sulfato (gêneros Archaeoglobus e Pyrobaculum), sendo esta a primeira descrição de tais organismos em ecossistemas de manguezais. Desse modo, estes resultados evidenciam que a microbiota em áreas de manguezais responde à contaminação, tendo uma alta frequência de SRB e SOB, ressaltando, assim, a importância do ciclo do enxofre em ambientes de manguezais.
Title in English
Description of the microbiota related with the sulfur transformations in mangroves sediments
Keywords in English
Deltaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria
Microbial ecology
Sulphate reducing bactéria
Abstract in English
Mangroves are transitional environments between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, essential for the growth and development of many species with high ecological and economical interests. Despite its recognized importance, mangroves are constantly impacted by various pollutants, affecting its stability. These ecosystems are characterized as anaerobic, rich in sulfate and organic matter, where the microorganisms are essential to the nutrient cycling, particularly those involved in the sulfur cycle, where sulphate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) appear as frequent and taking an important role. The present study showed that communities of archaea, bacteria and sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) are abundant, diverse and responsive to state intervention of the mangrove. The abundance measured by qPCR showed that the quantities of archaea and bacteria increase with the contamination. The diversity studied by pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA ribosomal gene indicated that these groups are diverse, showing Euryarcheota and Crenarcheota phyla of the domain Archaea, and Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes of the domain Bacteria, as the most frequent groups. The structure of these communities, as assessed by analysis of network, revealed that the microbiota responds to contamination, reducing and simplifying interactions in the higher contamination. The diversity of groups related with the sulfur cycle studied by DGGE (aprA and dsrB), pyrosequencing (dsrB) and GeoChip (aprA, dsrB) showed that Deltaproteobacteria, represented by orders Desulfobacterales and Desulfovibrionales, is a prevalent group in the sulfate reduction, while Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria are frequent in the sulfur oxidation (sulfur-oxidising bacteria - SOB). The GeoChip (aprA, dsrB) was the only method that allowed to detect sulfate-reducing archaea (genera Archaeoglobus and Pyrobaculum), which is the first description of these organism on mangrove ecosystems. Thus, these results show that the microbiota in mangroves areas responds to contamination, having a high frequency of SRB and SOB, thus highlighting the importance of the sulfur cycle in mangrove environments.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-11-06
 
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