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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2014.tde-11112014-091953
Document
Author
Full name
Joyce Ribeiro de Paula Santos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Monteiro, Regina Teresa Rosim (President)
Corrêa, Tâmara Guindo Messias
Angelis, Dejanira de Franceschi de
Title in Portuguese
Potencial de biodegradação de resíduos por Pleurotus spp.
Keywords in Portuguese
Helianthus annuus
Zea mays
Biodegradação
Fungos
Resíduos
Toxicidade
Abstract in Portuguese
O lodo gerado nas estações de tratamento de água (ETA) possui muitos elementos químicos provenientes dos sólidos em suspensão e dos produtos adicionados durante o processo de tratamento da água. A vinhaça é um resíduo originado da destilação do álcool etílico que apresenta alta BDO, BQO, turbidez, condutividade, alta concentração de sólidos, açúcares e compostos fenólicos. Fungos do gênero Pleurotus são organismos decompositores que por meio de vários mecanismos são capazes de crescer e degradar compostos de composição complexa, presentes nos poluentes ambientais. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar os efeitos proporcionados pelo tratamento por fungos do gênero Pleurotus em uma mistura de lodo de ETA, vinhaça e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e posteriormente aplicada como aditivo agrícola no plantio de milho e girassol. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas do lodo e da vinhaça assim como testes toxicológicos, com organismos padronizados, dos resíduos separadamente e da mistura antes e depois do tratamento fúngico. As plantas foram analisadas quanto às biomassas frescas e secas, o comprimento radicular e da parte aérea e quantificados os elementos químicos por ICP OES. Os resultados caracterizaram o lodo como argiloso, com alta concentração de Fe e Mn e a vinhaça com alta BDO, BQO, turbidez, condutividade, alta concentração de sólidos, açúcares, sulfato, fosfato, K, Ca e Mg. O desenvolvimento de Pleurotus na mistura de resíduos incorporada ao bagaço proporcionou um aumento nas variáveis: taxa germinativa dos cultivares, biomassa fresca e desenvolvimento radicular e aéreo significativo e maiores que o controle, em plântulas avaliadas aos de 30 dias de crescimento. Os elementos se concentraram nas raízes de ambas as culturas com 30 dias de desenvolvimento em misturas tratadas com P. ostreatus, sendo Al, Fe, Ca, K e SO4- os mais concentrados e na parte aérea foram K, Ca e SO4-. Os testes de toxicidade mostram que a toxicidade da vinhaça e do lodo foi maior do que a toxicidade da mistura. A toxicidade da mistura após o crescimento de Pleurotus foi menor do que a toxicidade da mistura sem o crescimento fúngico.
Title in English
Potential of wastes biodegradation by Pleurotus spp.
Keywords in English
Helianthus annuus
Zea mays
biodegradation
fungi
toxicity
Waste
Abstract in English
The sludge generated in the water treatment plant (WTP) has many chemicals from the suspended solids and from the products added during the water treatment process. The vinasse is a waste originated from the distillation of ethyl alcohol characterized by high values of BOD, COD, turbidity, conductivity, solids, sugars and phenolic compounds. Fungi of the genus Pleurotus are decomposers organisms that through various mechanisms are able to grow and degrade compounds of complex composition, present in environmental pollutants. This study aims to evaluate the effects given by the treatment by fungi of the genus Pleurotus to a mixture of water treatment plant sludge, vinasse and bagasse from sugar cane and later applied as an agriculture additive for corn and sunflower crops. Physical and chemical analysis of the sludge and vinasse as well as standard toxicological tests concerning the waste itself and of the mixed before and after fungal treatment were performed. Plants were analyzed for fresh and dry biomass, root and shoot and chemical elements were quantified by ICP OES. Results showed that the sludge is silty clayey with high concentrations of Fe and Mn; vinasse, on the other way, was found to present high levels of BOD, COD, turbidity, conductivity, solids, sugars, sulfate, phosphate, K, Ca and Mg. Evaluating seedling at 30 days of growth, the development of Pleurotus incorporated in the mixture of the crushed waste caused an increase on the following parameters: cultivars germination rate, fresh biomass and the mean root and shoot development larger than the control. On both cultures 30 days old and treated by P. ostreatus, elements were shown to be concentrated on the roots being Al, Fe, Ca, K and SO4- the most concentrated. On the shoots, the most common elements were K, Ca and SO4-. The toxicity tests showed that the toxicity of the vinasse and of the sludge, singly, was greater than the toxicity of the mixture. The toxicity of the mixture after the growth of Pleurotus was lower than the toxicity of the mixture without fungal growth.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-11-25
 
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