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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2004.tde-21092004-161841
Document
Author
Full name
Viviane Ferreira Rezende
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Camargo, Luis Eduardo Aranha (President)
Ramalho, Magno Antonio Patto
Silva, Hérberte Pereira da
Souza Junior, Claudio Lopes de
Vieira, Maria Lucia Carneiro
Title in Portuguese
Análise genética da resistência à antracnose foliar em milho.
Keywords in Portuguese
antracnose
controle genético
mapeamento genético
marcador molecular (identificação)
milho
resistência à doença
resistência genética vegetal
Abstract in Portuguese
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar a herança da resistência à antracnose foliar em milho, estimar os parâmetros genéticos e identificar marcadores moleculares ligados a genes de resistência a esta doença. Parâmetros genéticos foram estimados com base na análise de modelos de herança mista de seis gerações de quatro cruzamentos entre duas linhagens resistentes (DAS4 e DAS3) e duas linhagens suscetíveis (DAS6 e DAS22). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, sendo as parcelas constituídas pelos cruzamentos e as subparcelas, pelas gerações. As plantas foram inoculadas artificialmente e avaliadas em dois experimentos através de uma escala de notas de 1 a 6. Os testes de hipóteses para selecionar o modelo de herança genética e as estimativas dos parâmetros foram realizados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. Os resultados da análise de modelos mistos indicaram que a resistência é controlada por um gene de efeito maior em todos os cruzamentos e experimentos avaliados e também por poligenes, em pelo menos um dos experimentos. A ação gênica é aditiva e dominante, com predominância de efeitos genéticos aditivos. O mapeamento de QRLs foi realizado utilizando 141 indivíduos F1RC1 do cruzamento (DAS6 x DAS4) x DAS6, com base na avaliação fenotípica das suas famílias, em dois experimentos. O delineamento experimental foi o látice 12 x 12, incluindo as famílias, genitores e híbrido, com 3 repetições. As plantas foram inoculadas artificialmente e avaliadas através de uma escala de notas de 1 a 6. O mapeamento de QRLs, utilizando marcadores microssatélites e AFLPs e análise de bulks segregantes para detecção de marcadores candidatos, foi realizado pela análise de regressão linear múltipla (RLM) e pelo mapeamento por intervalo composto (MIC). Ambas metodologias de análise identificaram pelo menos um QRL no cromossomo 10 em cada experimento. Também foram detectados QRLs nos cromossomos 2, 3 e 5, apenas pela RLM. Os QRLs identificados pela RLM explicaram 25,7%, 23,3% e 24,5% da variação fenotípica no experimento 1, no experimento 2 e na análise conjunta, respectivamente. Já os QRLs identificados pelo MIC explicaram 28,9%, 32,3% e 31,0% da variação fenotípica no experimento 1, no experimento 2 e na análise conjunta, respectivamente. A análise de bulks segregantes permitiu a detecção apenas dos QRLs de efeitos fenotípicos mais expressivos localizados no cromossomo 10. Na maioria dos QRLs detectados, os alelos de resistência provieram do genitor resistente. A identificação destes QRLs oferece uma significativa contribuição para o entendimento da resistência de milho à antracnose foliar, podendo levar à identificação de genes e elucidação dos mecanismos envolvidos na expressão da resistência.
Title in English
Genetic analysis of resistance to anthracnose leaf blight in maize.
Keywords in English
anthracnose
disease resistance
genetic control
genetic mapping
maize
molecular mapping (identification)
vegetable genetic resistance
Abstract in English
The objectives of this work were to study the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose leaf blight, estimate the genetic parameters, and identify molecular markers associated with resistance genes to this disease. Genetic parameters were estimated based on the analysis of mixed inheritance models in six generations of four crosses between two resistant (DAS4 and DAS3) and two susceptible inbred lines (DAS6 and DAS22). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks containing split-plots, with three replicates, where the plots were represented by crosses and the subplots were the generations. The plants were inoculated artificially and evaluated in two experiments by means of a rating scale from 1 to 6. The hypothesis testing to select the genetic inheritance model and parameter estimates were obtained by the maximum likelihood method. The results from the mixed models analysis indicated that resistance is controlled by a major gene in all crosses and experiments evaluated, and also by polygenes in at least one experiment. The genetic action is additive and dominant, with predominance of additive genetic effects. QRL mapping was performed using 141 F1RC1 individuals from the (DAS6 × DAS4) × DAS6 cross, based on the phenotypic evaluation of their families, in two experiments. The experimental design was a 12 × 12 lattice which included the families, parents, and the hybrid, with 3 replicates. The plants were inoculated artificially and evaluated by means of a rating scale from 1 to 6. QRL mapping, using microsatellites and AFLPs markers, and bulked segregant analysis to detect candidate markers was performed by multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) and by composite interval mapping (CIM). Both methodologies of analysis identified at least one QRL in chromosome 10 in each experiment. QRLs were also detected, by MLR only, in chromosomes 2, 3 and 5. The QRLs identified by MLR explained 25.7%, 23.3%, and 24.5% of the phenotypic variation in the experiment 1, in the experiment 2 and in the joint analysis, respectively. The QRLs identified by CIM, however, explained 28.9%, 32.3%, and 31.0% of the phenotypic variation in the experiment 1, in the experiment 2 and in the joint analysis, respectively. The bulked segregant analysis only allowed the detection of QRLs that showed the more expressive phenotypic effects located in chromosome 10. In most detected QRLs, the resistance alleles came from the resistant parent. The identification of these QRLs offers a significant contribution to an understanding of resistance to anthracnose leaf blight in maize, and could lead to the identification of genes and to an elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the expression of resistance.
 
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Publishing Date
2004-09-22
 
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