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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2017.tde-02052017-102103
Document
Author
Full name
Fernando Garcia Espolador
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Vello, Natal Antonio (President)
Piotto, Fernando Angelo
Siqueira, Walter Jose
Tulmann Neto, Augusto
Title in Portuguese
Reação à ferrugem de linhagens obtidas de cruzamentos entre genitores adaptados e exóticos de soja
Keywords in Portuguese
Glycine max
Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Dialelo parcial
Introduções de Plantas (PI)
Tolerância em manejos da ferrugem com fungicidas
Abstract in Portuguese
A ferrugem asiática é a principal doença da cultura da soja. Uma das estratégias para contornar este problema é o uso da tolerância genética. Este trabalho visou avaliar a reação à ferrugem asiática de linhagens avançadas, F5:6 e F5:7, advindas de um dialelo parcial entre um grupo de genitores exóticos resistentes à ferrugem asiática e outro grupo de genitores adaptados e susceptíveis, por meio de estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em caracteres agronômicos, com ênfase na produtividade de grãos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em dois manejos: o manejo 1 com fungicidas Opera & Nativo que controlam doenças de final de ciclo (DFC), incluindo-se a ferrugem; e o manejo 2 com o fungicida Derosal que controla as DFC, exceto a ferrugem. Em 2010/11, foram avaliadas 488 linhagens F5:6 para os caracteres produtividade de grãos (PG) e peso de cem sementes (PCS), este último representando o tamanho das sementes. Foram selecionadas 260 linhagens F5:7 mais tolerantes e estas foram avaliadas em 2011/12 para PG, altura de planta na maturidade (APM), número de dias para a maturidade (NDM), acamamento (AC) e valor agronômico (VA). Realizou-se o teste de agrupamento de médias de Scott-Knott para todos os caracteres em ambos os anos, assim como foi verificada para cada genótipo a significância do efeito ferrugem (EF ou diferença entre as médias ajustadas entre os manejos 2 e 1, através do teste t pareado). Estimou-se a capacidade média de combinação (CMC) para as médias de PG e EF_PG, além do ganho de seleção e a herdabilidade realizada. As interações genótipo x manejo foram significativas para PG, PCS e NDM, indicando que a variabilidade genética oscilou entre os manejos, para estes caracteres. Os valores das correlações entre os EF foram baixos, embora parte deles tenha sido significativos. Estimativas de CMC para PG e EF_PG indicaram que os genitores que mais contribuíram para o aumento de PG e da tolerância foram BRS-232 como adaptado e Shiranuí como exótico, enquanto que os melhores cruzamentos foram Orba x BRS-232 e Shiranuí x Conquista. A seleção realizada não trouxe ganho para a PG, contudo aumentou a tolerância. Quatorze linhagens mostraram-se promissoras, visto terem apresentado PG superior a das testemunhas e tolerância à ferrugem. Assim, foi possível a seleção de linhagens produtivas e tolerantes à ferrugem nos cruzamentos dialélicos entre genitores adaptados e exóticos.
Title in English
Reaction to rust of lines obtained from crosses between adapted and exotic soybean parents
Keywords in English
Glycine max
Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Partial diallel
Plant Introductions (PI)
Tolerance in rust managements with fungicides
Abstract in English
The soybean rust is the main disease in soybean crop. One strategy to overcome this problem is the use of genetic tolerance. This research aimed to evaluate soybean rust reaction in advanced lines (F5:6 and F5:7 generations), obtained in partial diallel crosses between one group of rust resistant exotic parents and another group of adapted susceptible parents of soybean, through genetic parameters estimated for agronomic traits, with emphasis in seed yield. The experiments were conducted in two types of managements: the management 1, with the fungicides Opera & Nativo which control late season leaf diseases (DFC) including rust; and management 2, with Derosal fungicide that controls DFC except rust. In 2010/11, 488 F5:6 lines were evaluated for seed yield (PG) and one hundred seed weight (PCS), the last trait representing the seed size. The 260 most tolerant F5:7 lines were selected and evaluated in 2011/12 to PG, plant height at maturity (APM), number of days to maturity (NDM), lodging (AC) and agronomic value (VA). The clustering Scott-Knott test was performed for all traits in both agricultural years, and the significance of rust effect (EF = difference between adjusted means of managements 2 and 1, for each genotype) was verified through the paired t test. The average combining ability (CMC), selection gain and realized heritability were estimated for PG and EF_PG. The genotype x management interactions were significant for PG, PCS and NDM, showing that the genetic variability oscillated in the two managements. The correlation coefficients among EF mean values were low, although some of them were significant. CMC estimates for PG and EF_PG indicated that the parents who contributed most to the increase in PG and tolerance were BRS-232 as adapted and Shiranuí as exotic, while the best crosses were Orba x BRS-232 and Shiranuí x Conquista. The selection did not bring gain in seed yield, but increased the tolerance. Fourteen lines were promising, since they presented higher means of PG than the experimental checks and tolerance to rust. Thus, it was possible to select productive and tolerant lines from the diallel crosses between adapted and exotic parents.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-06-02
 
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