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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2009.tde-14122009-145313
Document
Author
Full name
Francisco Guilhien Gomes Junior
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Cicero, Silvio Moure (President)
Carvalho, Maria Laene Moreira de
Marcos Filho, Julio
Sa, Marco Eustaquio de
Vieira, Roberval Daiton
Title in Portuguese
Injúrias mecânicas em sementes de milho doce
Keywords in Portuguese
Germinação
Imagem digital
Milho
Raios X
Sementes - Qualidade.
Abstract in Portuguese
A semente de milho doce tem sido considerada sensível às injúrias mecânicas, o que pode acarretar em prejuízos à sua qualidade. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o potencial fisiológico, incluindo o sistema computadorizado de avaliação do vigor (SVIS®), e a sanidade de sementes de milho doce expostas às injúrias mecânicas, bem como avaliar a eficiência da análise de imagens na identificação de injúrias mecânicas nas sementes e sua relação com a germinação e o vigor. Sementes do híbrido SWB 551 (sh2) com formato esférico (E) e achatado (A) foram classificadas como grandes (G), médias (M1, M2 e M3) e pequenas (P) por meio de peneiras com perfurações circulares e oblongas. Assim, foram constituídas as classes EG [22 (8,73 mm)], EM1 [20 (7,94 mm)], EM2 [18 (7,14 mm)], EP [16 (6,35 mm)], AG [22 x ¾ (8,73 mm x 19,05 mm)], AM3 [20 x ¾ (7,94 mm x 19,05 mm)] e AP [16 x ¾ (6,35 mm x 19,05 mm)]. As sementes foram expostas a diferentes níveis de injúrias mecânicas (0, 1, 3, 5 e 7 impactos) utilizando o equipamento BC Impact Simulator (modelo 2000, Dow AgroSciences®). A pesquisa foi realizada em dois anos consecutivos, sendo que, no primeiro, foram avaliados os efeitos das injúrias sobre o potencial fisiológico e a sanidade das sete classes de sementes (sem tratamento químico), contendo teor de água de 11% (b.u.) no momento das injúrias. No segundo ano, foram avaliadas apenas as sementes de formato achatado (classes AG, AM3 e AP), tratadas com fungicidas e inseticidas, que foram expostas às injúrias com teor de água de 11% e 20% (b.u.). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada no início e no final do período de cinco e seis meses de armazenamento (20°C e 50-60% de UR do ar) no primeiro e segundo ano, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se a germinação e o vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado e teste de frio). A avaliação da sanidade, no primeiro ano, e do vigor pelo SVIS®, no segundo, foi realizada apenas após cinco e dez meses de armazenamento, respectivamente. Durante os dois anos, sementes de cada classe foram radiografadas (15 kV, 300 s) e submetidas a testes de germinação e de frio, sendo as plântulas normais, as anormais e as sementes mortas provenientes destes testes fotografadas e analisadas paralelamente às respectivas imagens radiográficas das sementes. Conclui-se que o aumento do percentual de sementes de milho doce com injúrias mecânicas no pericarpo está diretamente relacionado com o número de impactos que as sementes são submetidas, porém, não há efeito prejudicial sobre o potencial fisiológico e a sanidade das sementes; o SVIS® é uma alternativa viável para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de milho doce; a análise de imagens é eficiente na identificação de injúrias mecânicas, permitindo estabelecer as relações entre sua ocorrência e os prejuízos causados à germinação e ao vigor.
Title in English
Mechanical damage in sweet corn seeds
Keywords in English
Digital image
Germination
Maize
Seeds-Quality.
X-ray
Abstract in English
Sweet corn seed has been considered sensitive to mechanical damage that may adversely affect its quality. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the physiological potential, including an automated system for seedling evaluation (SVIS®), and health of sweet corn seeds subjected to the mechanical damage as well as to evaluate the efficiency of image analysis to identify mechanical damage in the seeds and its relationship with germination and vigor. Seeds from hybrid SWB 551 (sh2) of spherical (S) and flat (F) shapes were classified as large (L), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and small (S) through round and oblong screens. Thus, the classes SL [22 (8.73 mm)], SM1 [20 (7.94 mm)], SM2 [18 (7.14 mm)], SS [16 (6.35 mm)], FL [22 x ¾ (8.73 mm x 19.05 mm)], FM3 [20 x ¾ (7.94 mm x 19.05 mm)] and FS [16 x ¾ (6.35 mm x 19.05 mm)] were established. Seeds were submitted to different levels of damage (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 impacts) using the BC Impact Simulator (model 2000, Dow AgroSciences®) equipment. The research was carried out for two successive years. In the first, it was evaluated the mechanical damage effects on physiological potential and health of the seven seed classes (without chemical treatment) presenting 11% (w.b.) of moisture content at the moment of the mechanical damage. In the second year, only the seeds (treated with fungicides and insecticides) with flat shape (classes FL, FM3 and FS), submitted to mechanical damage presenting 11% and 20% (w.b.) of moisture content were evaluated. Seed quality at the beginning and after five and six months of storage (20°C, 50-60% RH) for the first and second year, respectively, was evaluated. Germination and vigor (germination first count, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging and cold tests) were assessed. Seed health in the first year and vigor (SVIS®) in the second it was evaluated only after five and ten months of storage, respectively. In the course of the two years, seeds from each class were X-rayed (15 kV, 300 s) and submitted to germination and cold tests. Digital images of the normal and abnormal seedlings and ungerminated seeds from germination and cold tests jointly were analyzed by X-ray. In conclusion, the increase of the percentage of sweet corn seed with injuries in the pericarp is directly related with the impact numbers that the seeds are submitted to, however, there is no negative effect on physiological potential and seed health. SVIS® is a viable alternative to evaluate sweet corn seed vigor. Image analysis is efficient to identify mechanical damage in sweet corn seeds, allowing the establishment of a relationship between its occurrence and losses in germination and vigor.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-01-18
 
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