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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2014.tde-13022014-084217
Document
Author
Full name
João Flávio Cogo Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Scarpare Filho, João Alexio (President)
Silva, Simone Rodrigues da
Leonel, Sarita
Pires, Erasmo Jose Paioli
Tecchio, Marco Antonio
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento da videira e composição química dos frutos: relações com a cobertura do solo
Keywords in Portuguese
Amendoim forrageiro
Nitrogênio
Uva
Abstract in Portuguese
No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o cultivo da videira tem atraído muitos produtores e empresas para a produção e elaboração de sucos e vinhos. Na maioria dos cultivos, as videiras comuns das cultivares Vitis labrusca são as mais utilizadas para essa finalidade. Na viticultura, há o uso intensivo de máquinas agrícolas, fertilizantes sintéticos e defensivos agrícolas, gerando altos custos econômicos e ambientais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade, desenvolvimento e composição química dos frutos da cultivar "Bordô", nas safras 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, com a utilização da cobertura do solo com amendoim forrageiro, Arachis pintoi (Krap. & Greg). Foram realizados dois experimentos instalados em vinhedo comercial, com 10 anos de idade, localizado no município de Jaguari, RS, no sistema de sustentação latada e manjedoura. Realizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: solo com cobertura total com amendoim forrageiro; solo com cobertura parcial com amendoim forrageiro; solo limpo com aplicação de nitrogênio, e solo limpo sem aplicação de nitrogênio. Constituem as variáveis analisadas na pesquisa: massa de frutos, número de cachos, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, açúcares totais, antocianinas totais, polifenóis totais, nitrogênio total, massa de ramos, comprimento de internódios, diâmetro de ramos, índice relativo de clorofila (IRC) e o nitrogênio nas folhas. Nos dois experimentos, os resultados obtidos em cada variável foram submetidos à análise de variância, em análise bifatorial com parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As médias dos tratamentos foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. O experimento 1, em manjedoura, apresentou diferenças significativas entre safras e tratamentos para as variáveis: massa de frutos, SS, antocianinas, polifenóis totais e nitrogênio total. Houve diferença significativa nos tratamentos para as variáveis: massa de ramos, diâmetro de ramos, IRC e nitrogênio nas folhas. No experimento 2, em sustentação latada, houve diferenças significativas para massa de frutos, SS, AT, antocianinas, polifenóis totais, nitrogênio total e diferença entre os tratamentos na massa de ramos e nitrogênio nas folhas. Assim, nas condições deste estudo, conclui-se que a cobertura de solo com amendoim forrageiro, em ambos os sistemas de sustentação, interfere positivamente na produção e composição química dos frutos, sendo uma alternativa para a substituição da adubação nitrogenada.
Title in English
Development of the vine and the chemical composition of fruits: relationships with land cover
Keywords in English
Arachis pintoi
Grape
Nitrogen
Abstract in English
The grape production has attracted many companies and growers for the production of wines and juices in Rio Grande do Sul state. Grapes common cultivars of Vitis labrusca are the most used for this purpose in most crops. There is an intensive use of agricultural machinery, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in viticulture and these practices bring on high economic and environmental costs. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production, development and chemical composition of fruits of the cultivar "Bordo", in crop seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, with the use of soil cover with Arachis pintoi (Krap. & Greg). Two experiments were conducted in 10 years old commercial vineyard, located at Jaguari, RS, on two support systems for grapevine production: Y" shape training system and trellis. Treatments were performed in three ways: soil with full coverage Arachis pintoi, soil with partial coverage with Arachis pintoi; clean soil with nitrogen application, and clean soil without nitrogen. The analyzed variables were fruit mass, number of clusters, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, total sugars, anthocyanins, total polyphenols, total nitrogen, total mass of branches, length of internodes, diameter branches, relative chlorophyll index (CRI) and nitrogen in the leaves. The results obtained in each of the variables studied in both experiments were submitted to variance analysis, factorial analysis with a split plot in time and the treatment means analyzed by Tukey test at 5 % probability. In experiment 1, the Y" shape training system, showed significant differences between crop seasons and treatments for the variables: fruit mass, SS, anthocyanins, total polyphenols and total nitrogen, significant differences in terms of treatment variables: mass of branches, diameter of branches, 1 IRC and 2 nitrogen leaves. The experiment 2, the trellis system, showed significant differences for fruit mass, SS, TA, anthocyanins, total polyphenols, total nitrogen and differences among treatments in relation to the mass of branches and nitrogen in the leaves. Thus, under the conditions of this study, we concluded that the soil cover with Arachis pintoi interferes in the production positively in both systems support and chemical composition of the fruit, Arachis pintoi is an alternative to replace the fertilization from nitrogen.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-02-27
 
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