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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2018.tde-07032018-130159
Document
Author
Full name
Leonardo Lombardi Perez
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Victoria Filho, Ricardo (President)
Azania, Carlos Alberto Mathias
Beauclair, Edgar Gomes Ferreira de
Lavorenti, Arquimedes
Title in Portuguese
Seletividade de sulfentrazone e clomazone aplicados em pré-plantio de mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar CTC 11
Keywords in Portuguese
Saccharum spp.
Fitotoxicidade
Inibidores da biossíntese de carotenóides
Inibidores da Protox
MPB
Produtividade
Tolerância
Abstract in Portuguese
O manejo químico de plantas daninhas no sistema de plantio por mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar, fundamenta a hipótese de que a cultura esteja mais suscetível à intoxicação pelos herbicidas nas aplicações em pré-plantio, devido as raízes das mudas serem transplantadas em contato direto com a solução do solo tratada com os herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência. Portanto a pesquisa foi desenvolvido com dois objetivos: (1) avaliar a seletividade do herbicida sulfentrazone quando aplicado em área de plantio de cana-de-açúcar no sistema com mudas pré-brotadas com aplicação no pré-plantio utilizando cinco doses (200, 400, 800, 1600 e 3200 g i.a. ha-1); (2) avaliar a seletividade de doses crescentes de clomazone (270, 540, 1080, 2160, e 4320 g i.a. ha-1), quando aplicado em pré-plantio em mudas pré-brotadas (MPB). Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos na Usina São Martinho, próximo ao município de Motuca (SP), sob condições naturais de clima, no período de outubro de 2015 a setembro de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas foram aplicados no dia anterior ao plantio das mudas pré-brotadas, onde foi utilizada a variedade CTC 11, que foram transplantadas nas parcelas, constituídas por 6 linhas de 10 m, espaçadas de 1,5 m. Foram feitas avaliações visuais com 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA), também utilizando-se uma escala visual com notas entre 0 e 100%. Nas avaliações quantitativas avaliou-se os parâmetros altura de plantas (cm), aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 DAA e perfilhamento das mudas aos 60, 90 e 120 DAA. Em todos os períodos avaliados foi utilizado o medidor de clorofila, marca SPAD. Aos 330 DAA, foi realizada a produtividade (t ha-1) integral das parcelas através do corte manual e posterior pesagem com auxílio de uma célula de carga, e foram coletados feixes com dez canas para realização dos parâmetros qualitativos (Brix, Pol, Pureza e ATR). Em ambos trabalhos, os dados de fitointoxicação e produtividade foram previamente transformados na regressão log logística, respeitando o princípio da normalidade dos dados, identificando a dose seletiva para a cultura. Concluiu-se que os herbicidas sulfentrazone (800 g i.a. ha-1), e clomazone (1080 g i.a. ha-1), que são doses comercialmente utilizadas no plantio convencional através de rebolos de cana-de-açúcar, apresentaram sintomas leves de fitointoxicação nas primeiras avaliações, mas com o crescimento e desenvolvimento das mudas, não apresentaram diferença de altura, perfilhamento e índice SPAD, como também na produtividade e características tecnológicas dos colmos não apresentando diferenças significativas. Portanto os herbicidas sulfentrazone e clomazone foram seletivos às mudas de cana-de-açúcar no sistema MPB quando aplicados em pré-plantio para a CTC 11.
Title in English
Selectivity of sulfentrazone and clomazone when applied in the pre-planting stage for pre-sprouted seedlings of CTC11 sugarcane
Keywords in English
Saccharum spp.
Inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis
MPB
Phytotoxicity
Productivity
Protox inhibitors
Tolerance
Abstract in English
The chemical management of plant pests in the planting system with pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings substantiates the hypothesis that the crop is more susceptible to toxicity by herbicides in pre-planting applications, due to the roots of the seedlings being transferred in direct contact with the soil solution treated with the herbicides applied in the pre-emergence stage. Therefore, this work was prepared with two goals: (1) to assess the selectivity of the herbicide sulfentrazone when applied to a sugarcane planting area in the pre-sprouted seedlings system with application in the pre-planting stage using five rates (200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 g a.i. ha-1); (2) to assess the selectivity of growing rates of clomazone (270, 540, 1080, 2160 and 4320 g a.i. ha-1), when applied in the pre-planting stage for pre-sprouted seedlings. The experiments were developed in São Martinho sugar mills, next to the town of Motuca (SP), under natural weather conditions, in the period from October 2015 to September 2016. The experimental design was done in blocks at random, with four repetitions. The herbicides were applied on the day prior to the planting of the pre-sprouted seedlings, where the CTC 11 strain was used, which seedlings were transferred into parcels comprised of 6 lines of 10 m, spaced by 1.5 m. Visual assessments were made 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the treatment application (DAA), a visual grading scale between 0 and 100% was also used. In the quantitative assessments, the parameters for height of the plants (cm), at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAA, and tillering at 60, 90 and 120 DAA, were evaluated. In all assessed periods, a direct reading was performed using the chlorophyll meter, SPAD brand. At 330 DAA, the entire productivity (t ha-1) of the parcels was assessed through the manual cut and later weighing with the aid of a load cell, and strips with ten sugarcanes were collected for the performance of qualitative parameters (Brix, Pol, Purity and ATR). In both works, the phytotoxicity and productivity data were previously converted by the log-logistic regression, observing the principle of data normalization, identifying the selective rates for the crop. It was found that herbicides sulfentrazone (800 g a.i ha-1), and clomazone (1080 g a.i. ha-1), which are rates commercially used in the conventional planting through sugarcane billets, presented slight symptoms of phytotoxicity in the first assessments, but with the growth and development of the seedlings, they did not show a difference in height, tillering, SPAD index, and in the yield; and the technological characteristics of the stalks did not present significant differences. Therefore, the herbicides sulfentrazone and clomazone were selective to the sugarcane seedlings in the pre-sprouted seedlings (MPB) system when applied in the pre-planting stage for CTC 11.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-03-13
 
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