Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2002.tde-03072003-092819
Document
Author
Full name
Roberto Estevão Bragion de Toledo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2002
Supervisor
Committee
Victoria Filho, Ricardo (President)
Christoffoleti, Pedro Jacob
Durigan, Julio Cezar
Ferreira, Francisco Affonso
Pitelli, Robinson Antonio
Title in Portuguese
Faixas e períodos de controle de plantas daninhas e seus reflexos no crescimento do eucalipto.
Keywords in Portuguese
capim braquiária
competição de planta
crescimento vegetal
eucalipto
plantas daninhas.
Abstract in Portuguese
Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos das faixas de controle das plantas
daninhas sobre o crescimento do eucalipto foram conduzidos dois ensaios
localizados nos municípios de Três Lagoas, MS (julho de 1996 a agosto de 2000)
e de Brotas, SP (fevereiro de 1997 a março de 2001). Os tratamentos
experimentais destes ensaios constaram de dois grupos: (i) grupo I: faixas fixas de
controle durante os 12 meses iniciais, a: 0, 25, 50, 100, 125 e 150 cm de cada
lado da linha de plantio do eucalipto; e, (ii) grupo II faixas crescentes de controle,
a: 25 a 150, 25-50-150, 50-125-150, 100-125-150, 100 a 150 e 125 a 150 cm. Aos
49 meses após o plantio dessas áreas, foi constatado que as plantas de eucalipto
que cresceram nas parcelas com faixas de controle fixas iguais a 100 cm ou
crescentes superiores a 50 cm nos três primeiros meses, respectivamente,
mostraram-se superiores, em diâmetro medido à altura do peito (D.A.P.), altura,
volume e incremento médio anual de madeira (I.M.A.). Já com o objetivo de
estudar os efeitos dos períodos de controle das plantas daninhas sobre a produtividade do eucalipto foram conduzidos três ensaios localizados nos
municípios de Três Lagoas, MS (janeiro de 1997 a março de 2001), Brotas, SP
(fevereiro de 1997 a fevereiro de 2001) e Piratininga, SP (agosto de 1991 a maio
de 1999). Nos ensaios de Três Lagoas, MS e Brotas, SP, os tratamentos
consistiram de diferentes períodos de convivência e de controle das plantas
daninhas na cultura divididos em dois grupos. No primeiro, a convivência iniciava
no plantio e estendia até 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 252 e 364 dias. No segundo, a
convivência iniciava aos 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168 e 252 dias e estendia até os
364 dias. Para Três Lagoas, MS, o período total de prevenção à interferência
(PTPI) foi de 180 e 210 dias, quando se considera a redução de 5 e 2% no volume
de madeira aos 50 meses após o plantio, respectivamente. No entanto, para
Brotas, SP, o PTPI foi de 60 dias, considerando-se 5% de redução em volume de
madeira aos 24 meses após o plantio. Todavia, pode-se questionar o efeito da
interferência das plantas daninhas distribuídas irregularmente na área de Brotas,
SP e sugerir a hipótese de recuperação das plantas de eucalipto a partir de 48
meses, bem como o potencial alelopático dos restos culturais do eucalipto. Em
Piratininga, SP, os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes períodos de convivência
e de controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do eucalipto divididos em dois
grupos. No primeiro, a convivência iniciava no plantio e era estendida até 28, 56,
84, 112, 140, 168, 278 e 360 dias. No segundo, a convivência iniciava aos 0, 28,
56, 84, 112, 140, 168 e 278 dias e era estendida até 364 dias. O PTPI foi de 79
dias quando se analisa o volume de madeira (m 3 .ha -1 ) aos 78 meses após o
plantio (colheita da cultura).
Title in English
The weed control strip in rows and the weed control periods and its effects at the eucalyptus growth.
Keywords in English
brachiaria grass
competition
eucalypt
vegetal grown
weed.
Abstract in English
This research has been carried out in areas of Eucalyptus sp in Três
Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (from July 1996 through August 2001)
and Brotas, São Paulo State, Brazil (from February 1997 through March 2001), to
evaluate the effects of weed control strip variations at the Eucalyptus growth. The
experiments consisted of two treatments: group 1 - with constant width control
strips have been kept throughout the first 12 months, i.e., at 0, 25, 50, 100, 125
and 150 cm on both sides of the Eucalyptus row and, group 2: with an increasing
of the width control strips has been adopted along the experimental period, i.e., at
25 to 150, 25-50-150, 50 at 150, 50-125-150, 100-125-150, 100 to 150 and 125 to
150 cm on both sides of the Eucalyptus row. After 49 months that areas were
planted it was checked that the Eucalyptus plants that had grown as in the
constant and as in increasing width control strips, equal to or higher than 100 and
50 cm, respectively has showed a higher diameter, height plant, volume and
annual average increment of the wood. These results have led to the conclusion
that the control minimum strip width should be 100 cm on the both sides of the
Eucalyptus row in order to keep it the weed interference. This research has been carried out in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (from January 1997
through March 2001) and Brotas, São Paulo State, Brazil (from February 1997
through 2001) and Piratininga, São Paulo State, Brazil (from August 1991 through
May 1999), with the purpose study of a studying about the effects of the weed
interference at the Eucalyptus sp growth. In Três Lagoas and in Brotas the
treatments have consisted of in the different extensions and the different time limits
of the weed control periods. The weed control periods have been divided in to two
groups. At the first one, the weed control periods have been since the Eucalyptus
plantation to 28, 56, 112, 140, 168, 224, 252 and 364 days. At the second group,
the weed control period has begun at 0, 28, 56, 112, 140, 168, 224 and 252 days
after the plantation and has finished at the end of the 364 days. To assure the crop
productivity in Três Lagoas it was necessary to keep a weed control period in a
range of 180 and 210 days after plantation, in that case it should consider a
reduction of 5% at the wood volume in the 50 months after the plantation.
However, in Brotas area it was necessary to keep the weed control plantation in a
range of 60 days of to consider the wood volume throughout 24 months after the
plantation. However, it might ask about question the effects of the weed
interference in a case of a low density and in a weed irregular distribution in that
area, suggesting improvement at the quality of the Eucalyptus plants in a range of
48 months after the plantation the allelophatic potential from the Eucalyptus
mulching as well. In Piratininga the treatments have consisted of different
extensions and time limits of the weed control periods. The weed control periods
has been since the Eucalyptus plantation to 28, 56, 112, 140, 168, 224, 278 and
360 days. At the second group the weed control period has begun in a range of 0,
28, 56, 112, 140, 168, 224 throughout 278 days after the plantation and has
finished at the end of the 364 days. It has been necessary to keep a weed control
period in a range of 79 days after the plantation throughout 78 months, in that case
it should consider reduction of 5% at the wood volume.
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Publishing Date
2003-08-11