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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2006.tde-09032006-155041
Document
Author
Full name
Fabrício Packer Gonçalves
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2005
Supervisor
Committee
Amorim, Lilian (President)
Parisi, Marise Cagnin Martins
Silva, Eliane Aparecida Benato Rodrigues da
Title in Portuguese
Quantificação de danos e controle pós-colheita de podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) e podridão mole (Rhizopus stolonifer) em frutos de ameixa e nectarina
Keywords in Portuguese
ameixa
nectarina
perdas agrícolas
podridão – doença de planta
pós-colheita – controle
Abstract in Portuguese
Esse trabalho teve dois objetivos distintos, quantificar e caracterizar os danos pós-colheita em frutos de ameixa e nectarina na Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP) e testar produtos que possam ser utilizados no controle das doenças pós-colheita podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) e podridão mole (Rhizopus stolonifer) nestes dois frutos. Durante a safra 2003 e 2004, foram realizados 20 levantamentos de quantificação de danos em frutos de nectarina e 11 em frutos de ameixa. Em cada levantamento foram avaliados 1% do total de caixas comercializados em cinco permissionários da CEAGESP. A amostragem foi estratificada por variedade, calibre e procedência dos frutos, sendo quantificados danos mecânicos, fisiológicos e doenças pós-colheita. Para o controle da podridão parda e mole, o efeito curativo e protetor do CaCl2, cera e luz UV-C, em diferentes concentrações e o efeito curativo do tratamento com ozônio foram avaliados. A incidência de danos na CEAGESP em frutos de ameixa variou de 5 a 47%, e em nectarina entre 14 e 54%, considerando as safras 2003 e 2004. Tanto em ameixa como em nectarina os danos mais freqüentes foram os mecânicos, com variação de 2 a 25% em frutos de ameixa e de 7 a 30% em frutos de nectarina. Danos fisiológicos variaram de 1 a 22% e de 2 a 18% em frutos de ameixa e nectarina, respectivamente. Danos provocados por doenças variaram de 0 a 13% em frutos de ameixa e de 1 a 9% em frutos de nectarina. Entre os patógenos mais constatados figuraram fungos do gênero Rhizopus, Monilinia, Geotrichum, Cladosporium, Fusarium e Alternaria, além de bactérias. Correlação entre a incidência de frutos com dano mecânico e a incidência de frutos doentes foi constatada na safra 2004, nos dois frutos. Em ameixa, a variedade Gulfblazer apresentou maior incidência a danos mecânicos e fisiológicos. Não foi observada diferença na incidência de danos mecânicos e de doenças, entre as variedades de nectarina avaliadas na safra 2003. Na safra 2004, a incidência de danos mecânicos e fisiológicos foi superior na variedade Sunraycer comparada às demais variedades. Em relação aos produtos testados, no geral, CaCl2 a 1%, mostrou potencial de controle das duas doenças nos dois frutos, aplicado como protetor ou curativo. A cera ECF 124 a base de carnaúba foi o produto mais eficiente, com redução de até 70% das duas doenças em ambos os frutos, principalmente quando aplicada de maneira protetora, a 9%. As doses (1,4 e 5,2 kJm-2) de UV-C testadas não controlaram as doenças com resultados praticamente iguais à testemunha (dose 0,0 kJm-2). A presença de ozônio não reduziu nenhuma das doenças em nenhum dos dois frutos avaliados.
Title in English
Quantification of damages and control of the postharvest diseases brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) and soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) in plum and nectarine fruits
Keywords in English
crop losses
nectarine
plum
postharvest - control
rot - plant disease
Abstract in English
This study had two distinct objectives, to quantify and characterize the postharvest damages in plums and nectarines in the wholesale market of São Paulo (CEAGESP), and to test products that can be used in the control of the postharvest diseases such as the brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) and soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) in these two fruits species. Twenty assessments in nectarine and eleven in plums were carried out in 2003 and 2004. In each year 1% of the total of boxes commercialized in five outlets of CEAGESP was assessed, considering mechanical and physiological damages and postharvest diseases. The selection of samples was conducted through stratified sampling, taking fruit cultivar, place of origin and fruit size as the stratification criteria. Curative and protective control measures of brown and soft rot were analyzed testing CaCl2, wax and UV-C light, in different concentrations. The ozone was studied only as curative treatment. The incidence of damages in plums at CEAGESP ranged from 5 to 47%, and in nectarines from 14 to 54%. Either in plums or in nectarines, postharvest mechanical injuries were the most frequent damages, varying from 2 to 25% in plums and from 7 to 30% in nectarines. Physiological damages ranged from 1 to 22% and from 2 to 18% in plums and nectarines, respectively. Postharvest diseases ranged from 0 to 13% in plums and from 1 to 9% in nectarines. The most frequent postarvest pathogens were Rhizopus, Monilinia, Geotrichum, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Alternaria, besides bacteria. A correlation between the incidence of mechanical damages and the incidence of postharvest diseases in 2004 in both fruits was noticed. Cultivar Gulfblazer (plum) showed more incidence of mechanical and physiological damages than Reubennel. No differences were observed in the incidence of mechanical and physiological damages among the cultivars of nectarines assessed in 2003. No difference in the susceptibility to postharvest diseases among the nectarine cultivars Sunred, Sunripe, Sunraycer and Colombina in 2003 was verified. In 2004 cv. Sunraycer showed incidence of mechanical damages significantly higher than the other varieties. Regarding the products tested, as a whole, CaCl2 at 1% showed potential of controlling the two diseases in both kind of fruits, applied as a protective or curative measure. The carnauba wax (ECF 124) was the most efficient product, with a reduction of up to 70% of both diseases in both kind of fruits, mainly when applied as a protective agent, at 9%. The doses (1,4 e 5,2 kJm-2) of UV-C tested did not control the diseases with results practically similar to the reference dose (0,0 kJm-2). The presence of ozone did not reduce either of the diseases in any of the fruits evaluated.
 
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FabricioGoncalves.pdf (473.62 Kbytes)
Publishing Date
2006-03-21
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • ABREU, Fabiana Marchi de, et al. Efeito de sanificantes no controle pós-colheita da podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) e da podridão mole (Rhizopus stolonifer) em pêssegos [doi:10.1590/S0100-54052008000100018]. Summa Phytopathologica [online], 2008, vol. 34, n. 1.
  • AMORIM, Lilian, et al. Stone fruit injuries and damage at the wholesale market of São Paulo, Brazil [doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.07.005]. Postharvest Biology and Technology [online], 2008, vol. 47, n. 3, p. 353-357.
  • BASSETTO, Eliane, et al. Efeito da irradiação UV-C no controle da podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) e da podridão mole (Rhizopus stolonifer) em pós-colheita de pêssegos [doi:10.1590/S0100-41582007000500004]. Fitopatologia Brasileira [online], 2007, vol. 32, n. 5, p. 393-399.
  • GONçALVES, F.P. QUANTIFICATION OF POSTHARVEST DAMAGES IN NECTARINE IN THE SÃO PAULO WHOLESALE MARKET. Acta Horticulturae [online], 2005. [cited 2011-11-06]. Available from : <http://www.pubhort.org/members/showdocument?booknrarnr=713_75>
  • GONçALVES, Fabrício P., et al. Postharvest control of brown rot and Rhizopus rot in plums and nectarines using carnauba wax [doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.08.004]. Postharvest Biology and Technology [online], 2010, vol. 58, n. 3, p. 211-217.
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