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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2008.tde-24072008-123523
Document
Author
Full name
Andréa Ferraz de Arruda
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Barros, Geraldo Sant Ana de Camargo (President)
Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de
Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvao de
Title in Portuguese
Macroeconomia e preços de commodities agrícolas
Keywords in Portuguese
Bolsa de mercadorias
Macroeconomia
Preços agrícolas.
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho retomou as análises do comportamento dos preços das commodities agrícolas após um período superior a uma década durante o qual o tema ocupou pouca atenção dos estudiosos. Os resultados encontrados mostram um papel moderado, mas não desprezível, para as variáveis macroeconômicas nas variações não-antecipadas daqueles preços. A taxa de câmbio impacta diretamente os preços dos produtos transacionados no exterior e indiretamente aqueles que com eles competem na produção e no consumo. A taxa de juros é componente do custo de armazenamento e, assim, se ela aumenta, por exemplo, eleva-se o custo de armazenamento, maior volume de commodities é lançado no mercado e seus preços tendem a cair. A taxa de juros, sabe-se, também, afeta o nível de atividade econômica e, logo, a renda dos países. Análises de auto-regressão vetorial foram empregadas para medir os impactos e a importância de choques nessas variáveis macroeconômicas sobre os preços da soja e do milho no Brasil. Verificaram-se efeitos não desprezíveis dos juros sobre esses preços e do c6ambio sobre o preço da soja. A renda - medida pelo PIB - não se mostrou relevante, talvez por este não ter capturado o efeito daquela ou pela exígua variação que o PIB tenha apresentado no período analisado. Embora os juros tenham se revelado capazes de serem utilizados para aliviar impactos inflacionários oriundos de elevações exageradas de preços de commodities, as evidências apontam para um elevado componente exógeno desses preços, o que pode ser interpretado com resultado da importância de fatores setoriais nesses mercados (como tecnologia e produtividade, clima e oscilações de demanda). Assim, caso a preocupação relacionar-se à instabilidade desses preços, caberá usar os instrumentos de armazenagem e crédito para controlá-la.
Title in English
Macroeconomics and agricultural commodities prices
Keywords in English
Commodities.
Macroeconomics
Prices
Abstract in English
This work resumed the behavioral analysis of commodities prices in agriculture after a decade during which the topic drew little attention from researchers. The results found show a moderate role, but not indispensable, played by the macroeconomic variables in the non-anticipated variations of their prices. The exchange rate impacts directly the prices of goods traded in foreign markets and indirectly those with which they compete in production and consumption. The interest rate is a component of storage costs, and, therefore, if it is raised, for example, it increases them, so a higher volume of commodities is offered to the market and their prices tend to drop. It is also known that the interest rate affects the level of economic activity and, thus, the countries' revenue. Analysis of vectorial auto-regression was utilized to measure the impacts and the importance of shocks in these macroeconomic variables on corn and soybean prices in Brazil. It was verified indispensable effects of interest on these prices and of the interest rate on the soybean price. The revenue - measured by the GDP - did not show relevance, it might not have captured the effect of the revenue or because of the insignificant variation of the GDP in the period analyzed. Even though the interest has proven to be useful to mitigate the inflationary impacts derived from exacerbated increases of commodities prices, the evidences point to an elevated exogenous component of these prices, which can be interpreted as a result of the importance of sectoral factors in these markets (such as technology and productivity, climate and demand oscillations). Thus, as far as price instability is concerned, the use of instruments of storage and credit is required to control it.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-07-24
 
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