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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2020.tde-07052020-111431
Document
Author
Full name
Andréa Ferraz de Arruda Fernandez
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Spolador, Humberto Francisco Silva (President)
Campos, Silvia Kanadani
Cunha, Lilian Maluf de Lima
Lima, Roberto Arruda de Souza
Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
Title in Portuguese
Impactos da taxa de câmbio, preços das commodities e renda mundial sobre as exportações do agronegócio brasileiro entre 1997 e 2018
Keywords in Portuguese
Commodities
Câmbio
Macroeconomia
VAR VEC
Abstract in Portuguese
Em um mundo em que as economias mostram-se cada vez mais integradas, as exportações desempenham um papel cada vez mais importante, trazendo divisas e gerando renda para os países. Neste contexto, este trabalho buscou investigar os principais fatores macroeconômicos que podem impactar o valor das exportações. Como variáveis explicativas, consideraram-se a taxa de câmbio, os preços das commodities e a renda mundial. Foram propostos modelos para dois setores distintos, sendo um o setor do agronegócio e o outro englobando os demais produtos da economia. Para o agrupamento das exportações entre agronegócio e demais setores, foi utilizada a classificação proposta pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Como abordagem econométrica, foram realizados procedimentos de séries temporais como testes de raiz unitária etestes de cointegração. Constatou-se que as exportações do agronegócio eram cointegradas e, dessa forma, foram empregados modelos de correção de erros VEC e empreendidas as análises das relações de longo e curto prazos. Por outro lado, as séries das exportações dos demais setores não se mostraram cointegradas, sendo assim proposto um modelo de vetores autoregressivos VAR e, dessa forma, realizada a análise de curto prazo. De uma forma geral, a renda mundial e o preço das commodities se mostraram mais relevantes para explicar os movimentos nas exportações que a taxa de câmbio. Observando as funções impulso resposta, observou-se que os efeitos dos choques nas demais variáveis se apresentam mais fortemente até o quarto mês, sendo que, para as exportações dos demais setores, os efeitos dos choques são dissipados, mas, para as exportações do agronegócio, os efeitos permanecem mesmo após doze meses.
Title in English
Exchange rate, commodity prices and world income impacts on Brazilian's agribusiness exports between 1997 and 2018
Keywords in English
Commodities
Exchange rate
Macroeconomics
VAR VEC
Abstract in English
In a world of increasingly integrated economies, exports develop a role with growing importance, bringing currency and generating income for the countries. In this context, this work aimed at investigating the main macroeconomic factors that may impact the value of exports. As explanatory variables, the exchange rate, the commodity prices and the world income were considered. Models were proposed for two distinct sectors, one of which is the agribusiness sector and the other sector encompasses the other products of the economy. To classify the exports into the agribusiness or the other sectors, the classification proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply was employed. As an econometric approach, time series procedures were performed, such as unit root tests and cointegration tests. The agribusiness exports were found to be cointegrated and, therefore, VEC error-correction models, were employed and the long- and short-term relationship analyses were undertaken. Conversely, the export series of the other sectors were not cointegrated, thus being proposed a vector autoregressive model, VAR, and therefore the short-term analysis was performed. In general, the world income and the commodity prices were more relevant to explain the movements in exports than the exchange rate. Observing the impulse response functions, it was noticed that the effects of the shocks on the other variables are more strongly presented until the fourth month, and for the exports of the other sectors, the effects of the shocks are dissipated, whereas for the agribusiness exports, the effects remain even after twelve months.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-05-18
 
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