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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2018.tde-03012018-175259
Document
Author
Full name
Nathália Sbarai
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvao de (President)
Adami, Andreia Cristina de Oliveira
Capitani, Daniel Henrique Dario
Cunha, Lilian Maluf de Lima
Vian, Carlos Eduardo de Freitas
Title in Portuguese
Análise da questão ambiental no âmbito do comércio internacional brasileiro
Keywords in Portuguese
Brasil
Comércio
Modelo VAR-VEC
Regulação ambiental
Abstract in Portuguese
Nas últimas décadas, identificou-se uma crescente preocupação com a sustentabilidade e com a qualidade ambiental, ao mesmo tempo em que se observou uma expansão do comércio internacional e uma procura por um maior grau de liberalização comercial. Nesse contexto, surgiram órgãos destinados a defender cada uma das questões, ambiental e comercial, e questionamentos e conflitos sobre os impactos que cada um deles estava causando ao outro. Diante desses questionamentos identificou-se, então, a importância da inter-relação entre as duas áreas, de forma que passou a buscar-se uma maior interação entre as discussões englobando comércio e meio ambiente. Contudo, muitas pesquisas ainda tendem a avaliar as questões ambientais e comerciais separadamente. Em virtude disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar conjuntamente as duas questões, a fim de ampliar a discussão acerca de sua inter-relação; ao mesmo tempo, propõe-se um modelo para analisar a relação entre a liberalização comercial e a qualidade ambiental (representada aqui pelas emissões de CO2 equivalente) para o Brasil, estimado por meio de um Modelo de Autorregressão Vetorial estrutural com correção de erro (VAR-VEC). A análise abrangeu o período de 2003 a 2015, período que já incorpora a entrada da China no mercado internacional, ocorrida no ano de 2002, fato que usualmente tem bastante impacto sobre os fluxos comerciais e sua modelagem. As variáveis utilizadas no modelo foram o índice de abertura comercial, importações mundiais, como proxy de renda mundial, preços totais de commodities e emissões brasileiras de CO2 Equivalente. O modelo identificou que um aumento da abertura comercial brasileira contribui para a ampliação das emissões de CO2 do país, seguindo o esperado de acordo com a literatura.
Title in English
Analysis of the environmental issue in the scope of the Brazilian international trade
Keywords in English
Brazil
Environmental regulation
Trade
VAR-VEC model
Abstract in English
In the last decades, a concern about sustainability and environmental quality has grown, simultaneously to the process of the international trade expansion, pursuing also for greater degree of trade liberalization. In this context, international bodies were created to defend each of these issues, environmental and commercial, raising questions and conflicts about the impacts that each one was causing to the other. Thus, the importance of the interrelation between the two themes became evident, in a way to highlight the necessity to promote a greater interaction between debates encompassing trade and environment. However, many surveys still tend to analyze environmental and trade issues separately. As a result, this work aims to examine the two issues together, in order to broaden the discussion about their interrelationship. At the same time, a model has been proposed to quantify the relationship between trade liberalization and environmental quality (here represented by CO2 equivalent emissions) for Brazil, estimated by a VAR- VEC model. The analysis covered the period from 2003 to 2015, comprising the tie of China's entry into the international market in 2002, which is important once this event usually has a significant impact on international trade flows and their modelling. The variables used in the model are the index of trade liberalization for Brazil, the world imports as a proxy for the world income, total commodity prices and the Brazilian emissions of equivalent CO2. The model identified that an increase in Brazilian trade liberalization contributes to an increase in the country's CO2 emissions, following expectations from the reviewed literature.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-01-17
 
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