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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2007.tde-02102007-134755
Document
Author
Full name
Andrea Rodrigues Ferro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Kassouf, Ana Lucia (President)
Bacchi, Mirian Rumenos Piedade
Hoffmann, Rodolfo
Pazello, Elaine Toldo
Souza, Andre Portela Fernandes de
Title in Portuguese
Jovens e adultos no mercado de trabalho: impacto dos programas de transferência condicional de renda e uma análise agregada usando séries temporais
Keywords in Portuguese
Mercado de trabalho – Brasil
Políticas públicas – Avaliação – Brasil
Trabalhador jovem – Brasil
Trabalho de menor – Brasil
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese propõe-se a investigar a relação entre o trabalho infanto-juvenil e o trabalho adulto, sob o ponto de vista das famílias e do mercado, através de dois ensaios. No primeiro ensaio, investiga-se o impacto do programa Bolsa Escola sobre o trabalho de crianças e adultos. Programas de transferência condicional de renda, como o Bolsa Escola, tornaram-se bastante utilizados em países pobres e em desenvolvimento como uma forma de aliviar a pobreza presente e incentivar investimentos em capital humano que podem levar as famílias (e indivíduos) a melhores condições de vida no longo prazo. No entanto, esses programas podem influenciar a decisão de trabalhar entre os membros das famílias beneficiárias. A partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios – PNAD 2003, conclui-se que o programa Bolsa Escola reduz a probabilidade de trabalho das crianças mas, condicional à decisão de trabalhar, a jornada de trabalho não é alterada. Por outro lado, a decisão de trabalho de pais e mães não é afetada pela participação no programa, mas a jornada semanal é alterada nas famílias que participam do Bolsa Escola. O objetivo do segundo ensaio é investigar a relação entre o emprego de jovens e adultos no Brasil sob o ponto de vista do mercado de trabalho. Utilizam-se dados da Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego – PME de janeiro de 1991 a dezembro de 1999 e o ferramental econométrico de séries temporais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o emprego de jovens está positivamente relacionado com o emprego de homens e mulheres adultos.
Title in English
Youths and adults in the labor market: the impact of conditional cash transfers and an aggregate analysis using time-series
Keywords in English
Child labor – Brazil
Labor market – Brazil
Public policies – Evaluation – Brazil
Youth labor – Brazil
Abstract in English
This dissertation presents two papers in which we investigate the relationship between child/youth and adult labor from the family and from the labor market point of view. In the first paper, we aim to measure the impact of Brazilian conditional cash transfer program – Bolsa Escola – on children's and parents' labor status using the econometric framework of policy evaluation. Conditional Cash Transfer - CCT programs have become widespread in developing and underdeveloped countries as a way to alleviate current poverty and provide investments in human capital that could lead families to better life conditions in the long-term. However, these programs may also have impacts on time use decisions within beneficiary families, particularly with respect to time spent working. The usual probit and Heckman econometric models show that the Bolsa Escola program reduces the probability of work for children but not their time spent in the labor market and that the program is more efficient for girls than for boys. On the other hand, parents' labor participation is not affected but their working hours change due to the program. The aim of the second paper is to investigate the relationship between youth and adults in Brazilian labor force from the labor market perspective. We compare data on youth (15-17 years) employment from January 1991 to December 1999 with data on employment of adult (18-64) males and adult females in six metropolitan regions. We estimate multivariate autoregressive models to perform impulse-response and forecast-error variance decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that adult and youth employment are positively related, although male adult employment explains a smaller proportion of youth employment variance than female employment.
 
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AndreaFerro.pdf (385.41 Kbytes)
Errata.pdf (68.66 Kbytes)
Publishing Date
2007-11-05
 
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