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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.10.2014.tde-11112014-160128
Document
Author
Full name
Francisco Ferreira Lima Junior
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Sucupira, Maria Claudia Araripe (President)
Chamas, Patricia Pereira Costa
Fernandes, Wilson Roberto
Tarraga, Katia Mitsube
Yamaki, Fernanda Lie
Title in Portuguese
Eletrocardiografia dinâmica ambulatorial (sistema Holter) em gatos Maine Coon
Keywords in Portuguese
Arritmias
Gatos
Holter
Maine Coon
Abstract in Portuguese
A eletrocardiografia dinâmica ambulatorial (EDA) sistema Holter, permite o registro contínuo da atividade elétrica cardíaca em um paciente, durante sua atividade diária normal. Arritmias cardíacas ocorrem em indivíduos da espécie felina, mas pouco se conhece a respeito destas alterações em Gatos Maine Coon (GMC). O objetivo deste estudo foi baseado na avaliação da frequência e do ritmo cardíacos, como também, na presença de arritmias cardíacas em GMC, por meio da EDA sistema Holter. Foram avaliados 23 (vinte e três) gatos Maine Coon, sendo nove machos e 14 fêmeas, com idade compreendida entre seis e 82 meses (39 ± 21 meses), e peso corpóreo entre 3,7 e 8 kg (5,4 ± 1,4 kg). Para confirmar ou excluir o diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH), todos os animais foram avaliados por meio de ecocardiografia convencional. Posteriormente, foram fenotipicamente classificados em: não acometidos pela CMH (n=20) e acometidos pela CMH (n=3). A monitorização Holter foi realizada com o aparelho digital modelo 300-9 MINI, da DMS®, fixado diretamente ao dorso do animal, com bandagem elástica auto-adesiva (Coban, 3M®) e esparadrapo, permitindo liberdade de movimento aos mesmos. Analisou-se, em média, 1.346 ± 84,7 minutos, com um total de 220.878 ± 31.457,4 complexos QRS. Considerando-se todos os exames, a frequência cardíaca (FC) variou de 58 a 254 bpm, com média de FC média de 164,2 ± 22,02 bpm (variando de 108 a 205 bpm), sendo que a FC mínima apresentou média de 89,9 ± 14,7 bpm (variando de 58 a 131 bpm) e a FC máxima de 250,9 ± 6,02 bpm (variando de 231 a 254 bpm). Fêmeas Maine Coon não acometidas pela CMH apresentaram média de FC média superior à dos machos (p=0,03), que também não eram portadores da afecção. As frequências cardíacas, mínima, média e máxima de GMC, variaram com o período do dia (p ≤ 0,001). O ritmo sinusal foi predominante em todos os GMC avaliados. A presença de bloqueio de ramo direito incompleto em GMC mais velhos, foi superior à encontrada em GMC mais jovens (p=0,026). Apenas dois animais apresentaram episódios de bloqueio fascicular anterior esquerdo. Arritmias atriais e ventriculares isoladas, aos pares, como também, episódios de taquicardia atrial e ventricular não sustentadas, foram detectadas no Holter dos GMC avaliados. A presença de complexos atriais prematuros isolados apenas nas fêmeas, resultou em diferença estatística entre os sexos (p=0,048). Conclui-se que o exame é de fácil execução em GMC, que após período mínimo de adaptação, toleram bem a presença do gravador.
Title in English
Ambulatory electrocardiographic dynamic (Holter system) in Maine Coon cats
Keywords in English
Arrhythmias
Cats
Holter
Maine Coon
Abstract in English
Dynamic ambulatory electrocardiography (DAE) - Holter system, allows the continuous recording of cardiac electrical activity in a patient during its normal daily activity. Cardiac arrhythmias occur in individuals of feline species, but little is known about these alterations in Maine Coon cats (MCC). The aim of this study was based on the evaluation of heart rate and rhythm, as well as in the presence of cardiac arrhythmias in MCC, by EDA - Holter system. 23 (twenty three) Maine Coon cats were evaluated, being nine males and 14 females, aged between six and 82 months (39 ± 21 months), and body weight between 3.7 and 8 kg (5.4 ± 1.4 kg). To confirm or exclude hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) diagnosis, all animals were examined with conventional echocardiography. Then, were phenotypically classified in: not affected by HCM (n=20) and affected by HCM (n=3). Holter monitoring was performed with digital device MINI model 300-9, DMS®, directly attached to the back of the animal, with self-adhesive elastic bandage (Coban, 3M®) and adhesive tape, allowing them free movement. On average, 1.346 ± 84.7 minutes were analyzed. All together, the cats had an average of 220.878 ± 31.457,4 heart beats, during the record period, with heart rates ranged from 58 to 254 bpm. Average heart rates were 164,2 ± 22,02 bpm (ranging from 108 to 205 bpm), the mean minimum heart rate was 89,9 ± 14,7 bpm (ranging from 58 to 131 bpm) and the mean maximum heart rate of 250,9 ± 6,02 bpm (ranging from 231 to 254 bpm). Maine Coon females not affected by HCM presented average higher than the average heart rate of males (p=0.03), which also did not carry the disease. Mean, minimum and maximum heart rates of MCC ranged with the time of day (p ≤ 0.001). Sinus rhythm was predominant in all MCC reviews. The presence of incomplete right bundle branch block in older MCC was higher than that found in younger MCC (p=0.026). Only two animals presented episodes of left anterior fascicular block. Isolated atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, in pairs, as well as episodes of non sustained atrial and ventricular tachycardia, were detected on Holter reviews of MCC. The presence of isolated premature atrial complexes only in females, resulted in statistical difference between genders (p=0.048). Therefore, the conclusion is that dynamic ambulatory electrocardiography can be readly obtained in MCC, that after a minimum period of adjustment, remarkably tolerate the presence of the recorder.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-02-19
 
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