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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.10.2009.tde-22042009-074718
Document
Author
Full name
Luiz Ricardo Paes de Barros Cortez
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Soares, Rodrigo Martins (President)
Gennari, Solange Maria
Nishi, Sandra Mayumi
Title in Portuguese
Estudo sobre a participação do cahorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) como hospedeiro definitivo de organismos da sub-família toxoplasmatinae
Keywords in Portuguese
Hammondia heydorni
Neospora caninum
Cachorro-do-mato
Hospedeiro definitivo
Abstract in Portuguese
Neospora caninum e Hammondia heydorni são coccídeos formadores de cistos proximamente relacionados com outros organismos heteroxenos pertencentes ao filo Apicomplexa, como Toxoplasma gondii e Hammondia hammondi. Para saber se o cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), um canídeo silvestre comumente encontrado do nordeste da Argentina ao nordeste da América do Sul, pode ser hospedeiro definitivo de N. caninum, exemplares de cachorro-do-mato foram alimentados com tecidos de bovinos e bubalinos naturalmente infectados por N. caninum. As fezes dos cachorros-do-mato foram colhidas e examinadas diariamente para pesquisa de oocistos. No primeiro experimento, masseter e cérebro (peça inteira dos dois órgãos) colhidos de dois bovinos de aproximadamente dois anos de idade, foram picados, misturados e fornecidos às quatro raposas em dois dias consecutivos. Duas raposas eliminaram oocistos sub-esféricos não esporulados medindo 10-13µm no oitavo e nono dias pós-infecção, respectivamente. Uma das raposas eliminou oocistos por cinco e a outra nove dias. Amostras de DNA extraída dos de oocistos de cada dia de eliminação foram analisadas por PCR com primers grupo-específicos PCR-ITS-1 e espécie-especificos Nc5-NPCR. Todas as amostras foram positivas por PCR-HSP-70 e PCR-ITS-1, mas negativas por Nc5-NPCR. A sequência de nucleotídeos PCR-ITS-1 revelou 100% de identidade com seqüências homólogas de H. Heydorni. Concluímos que H. heydorni também utiliza o cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) como hospedeiro definitivo. O cachorro-do-mato é usualmente reportado em contato com rebanhos em diversas regiões do Brasil. Então, é razoável inferir que estes carnívoros possam exercer um importante papel nos ciclos silvestre e doméstico da infecção por H. heydorni. Em um segundo experimento, sete exemplares de cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) foram alimentados com tecidos de 3 búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) naturalmente infectados por N. caninum. As fezes das raposas foram analisadas 30 dias antes e trinta depois da infecção experimental e nenhuma das raposas eliminou oocistos N. caninum-like nas fezes. Estes resultados sugerem que o cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) não é hospedeiro definitivo de N. caninum, entretanto estudos adicionais são necessários.
Title in English
Study of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) as a definitive host for organisms belonging to sub-family Toxoplasmatinae
Keywords in English
Hammondia heydorni
Neospora caninum
Crab-eating fox
Definitive host
Abstract in English
Neospora caninum and Hammondia heydorni are two cyst forming coccidians closely related to other apicomplexans, such as Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi with a two host life-cycle. To clarify whether crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), a wild carnivore commonly found from northern Argentina to northern South America, can be final hosts of N. caninum, foxes were fed on tissues of cows and water buffaloes naturally infected with N. caninum. Faeces were examined from 30 days before to 30 days after infection. In experiment 1, the whole masseter muscle and brain from two-year old bovines are collected, minced and pooled together for the fox infection. The bovine pooled tissues were equally administered for four fox, in two consecutive days. Two foxes shed unsporulated oocysts subspherical in shape measuring 10-13µm, after eight and nine days post-infection, respectively. One of the foxes eliminated oocysts for five days, while the other fox shed oocysts for nine days. A DNA sample of oocysts detected at each day of oocyst elimination was tested by a PCR carried out employing primers directed to the common toxoplasmatiid 18S and 5.8S coding genes (PCR-ITS-1). These samples were also submitted to a N. caninum specific gene (Nc-5nPCR). All of them were positive by PCR-ITS-1 and negative by Nc-5nPCR. The PCR-ITS-1 nucleotide sequence revealed 100% identity with homologous sequences of H. heydorni. In conclusion, it is clear that H. heydorni also uses the crab-eating fox as a definitive host. The crab-eating fox is usually reported to live in close contact with livestock in several regions of Brazil. Therefore it is reasonable to infer that such carnivores may play an important role in the sylvatic and domestic cycles of H. heydorni infection. In experiment 2, seven fox consumed tissues from three N. caninum naturally infected water buffaloes. Feaces were examined from 30 days before to 30 days after infection and none fox shed N. caninum-like oocysts. These results suggest that the crab-eating fox cannot be definitive host of N. caninum; however additional studies will be necessary.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-04-24
 
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