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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.10.2014.tde-04122014-113107
Document
Author
Full name
Sandra Renata Sampaio Salaberry
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Benites, Nilson Roberti (President)
Domingues, Paulo Francisco
Libera, Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della
Lima, Anna Monteiro Correia
Pinheiro, Sonia Regina
Title in Portuguese
Fatores de virulência de Staphylococcus spp. e viabilidade celular na mastite subclínica de cabras
Keywords in Portuguese
California Mastitis Test
Adesina
Biofilme
Contagem de Células Somáticas
Leite
Abstract in Portuguese
A mastite subclínica em caprinos é causada principalmente pelo Staphylococcus spp., sendo os estafilococos coagulase negativa (SCN) os patógenos de maior ocorrência e o S. aureus, a espécie de estafilococos mais pesquisada. Dessa forma, pouco se conhece sobre a patogenicidade de SCN e outros estafilococos coagulase positiva (SCP), além do S. aureus. Também há poucos estudos sobre a variação da viabilidade celular na mastite subclínica de cabras. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os fatores de virulência de adesão e produção de biofilme de estirpes de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de amostras de leite de cabras, verificando possíveis associações com a viabilidade celular. Para realizar a colheita das amostras, primeiramente, foi efetuada um exame físico da glândula mamária, com posterior realização dos testes da caneca de fundo preto e California mastitis test (CMT). A colheita do leite foi efetuada em três alíquotas: análises microbiológicas, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e viabilidade celular. Realizou-se a identificação, teste de antibiograma e PCR (Reação em cadeia polimerase) dos Staphylococcus spp. isolados nas amostras de leite. Os genes de virulência pesquisados no PCR foram: cna, eno, ebpS, fnbA, fnbB, fib e bap. Avaliou-se a quantidade de CCS, em equipamento de citometria de fluxo, e a viabilidade celular, após centrifugações das amostras de leite e visualização das células em microscópio, utilizando o corante azul de Trypan. Os resultados foram: 122 amostras com crescimento bacteriano e dessas, 110 (90,2%) foram identificadas como Staphylococcus spp., sendo 90 (73,8%) de SCN e 12 (16,4%) de SCP. As espécies mais isoladas de estafilococos foram: S. epidermidis (24,55%), S. lugdunensis (15,40%) e S. intermedius (13,64%). As amostras apresentaram maior resistência aos antimicrobianos: penicilina (81,8%), oxacilina (60,0%) e ampicilina (55,5%). Observou-se maior sensibilidade para: enrofloxacina (99,1%), eritromicina (98,2%), gentamicina (98,2%) e vancomicina (98,2%). Com relação aos fatores de virulência pesquisados, foram encontradas amostras positivas para todos os genes, com exceção do gene fnbB: eno (53,6%), bap (43,7%), ebpS (19,1%), fnbA (18,2%) e fib (16,4%). Mais de um gene foi detectado em algumas estirpes, sendo que as associações de maior ocorrência foram: bap/eno em SCN e ebpS/eno/fib/fnbA em SCP. Os valores da CCS das amostras de leite com isolamento de Staphylococcus spp., SCN e SCP foram maiores do que nas amostras sem isolamento bacteriano e as estirpes com presença da associação de genes ebpS/eno/fib/fnbA apresentaram maior CCS do que bap/eno. Com relação à viabilidade celular, as amostras com isolamento de Staphylococcus spp. apresentaram maior viabilidade celular do que as amostras sem isolamento bacteriano e não houve associação dos genes identificados nas estirpes com a viabilidade celular. Concluiu-se que os genes eno e bap apresentaram maior ocorrência nas estirpes de Staphylococcus spp., sendo os mais encontrados nos isolados de SCN e os genes ebpS, fib e fnbA foram os mais detectados nos SCP. A viabilidade celular foi maior nas amostras com isolamento de Staphylococcus spp. em relação as sem isolamento bacteriano e não houve associação entre os fatores de virulência das estirpes de Staphylococcus spp. e a viabilidade celular.
Title in English
Virulence factors of Staphylococcus spp. and cell viability in subclinical mastitis of goats
Keywords in English
Adhesin
Biofilm
California Mastitis Test
Milk
Somatic Cell Count
Abstract in English
Subclinical mastitis in goats is mainly caused by Staphylococcus spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) is the most frequent pathogens and S. aureus, the most researched specie of staphylococci. Thus, little is known about the pathogenicity of SCN and other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), beyond the S. aureus. There are few studies on the variation of cell viability in subclinical mastitis of goats. The aim of the present study was to determine the virulence factors of adhesion and biofilm production of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from milk samples of goats, verifying for possible associations with cell viability. To collect samples, firstly, was performed a physical examination of the mammary gland, with subsequent tests for mug of black background and California mastitis test (CMT). Three aliquots of milk were collected: microbiological analysis, somatic cell count (SCC) and cell viability. Identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were performed of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk samples. Virulence genes researched in PCR were: cna, eno, ebpS, fnbA, fnbB, fib and bap. Evaluation of CCS, using flow cytometry equipment, and cell viability, after centrifugation of milk samples and visualization the cells in the microscope using Trypan blue dye, were performed. The results were: from 122 samples with bacterial growth, 110 (90.2%) were identified as Staphylococcus spp., 90 (73.8%) of CNP and 12 (16.4%) of the CNP. The most isolated staphylococci species were: S. epidermidis (24.55%), S. lugdunensis (15.40%) and S. intermedius (13.64%). Samples showed higher resistance to antimicrobials: penicillin (81.8%), oxacillin (60.0%) and ampicillin (55.5%). We observed higher sensitivity to: enrofloxacin (99.1%), erythromycin (98.2%), gentamicin (98.2%) and vancomycin (98.2%). Regarding virulence factors researched, positive samples were found for all genes, except fnbB gene: eno (53.6%), bap (43.7%), ebpS (19.1%), fnbA (18.2%) and fib (16.4%). More than one gene were detected in some strains, with the most frequent associations were bap/eno in CNS and ebpS/eno/fib/fnbA in CNP. The values of SCC of milk samples with isolation of Staphylococcus spp., CNS and CNP were higher than samples without bacterial isolation and the isolation of strains with combination of ebpS/eno/fib/fnbA genes showed higher SCC than bap/eno. Regarding cell viability, samples with isolation of Staphylococcus spp. showed higher cell viability than samples without bacterial isolation and there was no association of the genes identified in strains with cell viability. In conclusion, eno and bap genes were more frequent in Staphylococcus spp. strains, eno and bap genes were mostly found in isolated CNS and ebpS, fib and fnbA genes were more detected in CNP. Cell viability was higher in samples with isolation of Staphylococcus spp. compared those without bacterial isolation and there was no association between the virulence factors of Staphylococcus spp. strains and cell viability.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-01-26
 
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