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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.10.2015.tde-24072015-094949
Document
Author
Full name
Bruno Moura Monteiro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Baruselli, Pietro Sampaio (President)
Carvalho, Nelcio Antonio Tonizza de
Gimenes, Lindsay Unno
Sá Filho, Manoel Francisco de
Vecchio, Domenico
Title in Portuguese
Eficiência reprodutiva de búfalas leiteiras submetidas a protocolos de IATF à base de P4/E2 e eCG durante as estações reprodutivas favorável e desfavorável
Keywords in Portuguese
Bubalinocultura
Desestacionalização reprodutiva
Perda gestacional
Reprodução
Abstract in Portuguese
Os objetivos da tese foram comparar a dinâmica folicular e luteínica (Experimento 1), bem como a eficiência reprodutiva (Experimento 2) de búfalas leiteiras submetidas a protocolos de IATF à base de progesterona/estrógeno (P4/E2) e eCG durante as estações reprodutivas favorável (ERF; maio, junho e julho) e desfavorável (ERD; novembro, dezembro e janeiro) do ano. No Experimento 1 foram utilizadas 51 búfalas leiteiras de uma propriedade e no Experimento 2, 351 búfalas leiteiras de 5 propriedades. Para comparar o efeito das ER, cada propriedade teve semelhante número de animais submetidos à IATF nas respectivas ERF e ERD, tanto no Experimento 1 (n=25 vs. n=26) quanto no Experimento 2 (n=168 vs. n=183). Todas as propriedades se localizavam na região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo. Em dias aleatórios do ciclo estral (D-12; 16:00 h), todas as búfalas receberam um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1 g de P4 (iP4; Sincrogest®, Ourofino Agronegócio) mais 2,0 mg de benzoato de estradiol i.m. (Sincrodiol®, Ourofino Agronegócio). No D-3 (16:00 h), as fêmeas receberam 0,53 mg de PGF2α i.m. (Cloprostenol, Sincrocio®, Ourofino Agronegócio) e 400 UI de eCG i.m. (Novormon® MSD Saúde Animal), seguido de remoção do dispositivo de progesterona. No D-1 (16:00 h), 10 µg de acetado de buserelina (GnRH, Sincroforte® Ourofino Agronegócio) foram administrados i.m. A IATF foi realizada 16 horas após a administração de GnRH (D0; 8:00 h). No D0 foram determinados o intervalo de dias em lactação (DEL) e o escore de condição corporal das fêmeas (ECC; 1-5). Avaliações ultra-sonográficas (Chison D600Vet, China) foram realizadas no Experimento 1 para determinar: diâmetro do folículo dominante entre a retirada do iP4 e a IATF (ØFD), o diâmetro do folículo ovulatório (ØFO), o momento da ovulação, a dispersão das ovulações, a presença e o diâmetro do corpo lúteo (ØCL) após a ovulação. No Experimento 2, determinaram-se a taxa de ciclicidade (presença de corpo lúteo no D-12 e/ou no D-3); o diâmetro do folículo dominante nos D-3 e D0 (ØFD); a taxa de ovulação e diâmetro do corpo lúteo 10 dias após a IATF (ØCL D+10); os diagnósticos de gestação aos 30 (P/IA 30 d) e 45 dias (P/IA 45 d) após a IATF, além da taxa de mortalidade embrionária (ME) entre 30 e 45 dias, a mortalidade fetal (MF) entre 45 dias e o nascimento e a perda gestacional (PG) entre 30 dias e o nascimento. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média e erro padrão da média (média±EPM) e as frequências como porcentagem [% (n/n)]. A comparação entre as variáveis foi realizada por análise de variância (ANOVA), por meio do programa SAS®. Foi considerada diferença quando P < 0,05. No Experimento 1, observou-se que a dinâmica ovariana não foi influenciada pelas respectivas ERF e ERD para as seguintes variáveis: ØFD (0 h 10,3±0,4 vs. 9,9±0,5 mm; 24 h 11,8±0,5 vs. 12,0±0,4; 48 h 12,8±0,5 vs. 13,2±0,4; e 60 h 13,8±0,6 vs. 13,1±0,5; P=0,80); ØFO (14,3±0,4 vs. 14,2±0,3 mm; P=0,94); momento da ovulação (76,5±1,9 vs. 72,0±2,5 h; P=0,85); dispersão das ovulações (24 |- 48 h 0,0 vs. 0,0%; 48 |- 60 h 12,5 vs. 37,5%; 60 |- 72 h 41,7 vs. 33,3%; 72 |- 84 h 41,7 vs. 25,0%; 84 |- 96 h 4,2 vs. 0,0%; e 96 |- 108 h 0,0 vs. 4,2%; P=0,18) e ØCL (D+6 17,3±0,5 vs. 16,9±0,4; D+10 21,5±0,6 vs. 18,4±0,5; e D+14 20,6±0,6 vs.19,9±0,6; P=0,06). No Experimento 2, pôde-se observar que apesar das búfalas apresentarem semelhança em DEL (111,1±8,8 vs. 144,3±8.6 dias; P=0,27) e ECC (3,3±0,0 vs. 3,3±0,0; P=0,41) nas respectivas ERF e ERD, houve diferença nas taxas de ciclicidade [76,2 (128/168) vs. 42,6% (78/183); P=0,02]. Nenhuma das outras respostas diferiu entre as ERF e ERD, respectivamente: ØFD D-3 (9,6±0,2 vs. 9,8±0,2 mm; P=0,35); ØFD D0 (13,1±0,2 vs. 13,2±0,2 mm; P=0,47); taxa de ovulação [86,9 (146/168) vs. 82,9% (152/182); P=0,19]; ØCL D+10 (19,0±0,3 vs. 18,4±0,3 mm; P=0,20); P/IA 30 d [66,7 (112/168) vs. 62,7% (111/177); P=0,31]; P/IA 45 d [64,8 (107/165) vs. 60,2% (106/176); P=0,37]; ME [1,8 (2/111) vs. 3,6% (4/110); P=0,95]; MF [21,9 (18/82) vs. 8,0% (7/87); P=0,13]; e PG [23,8 (20/84) vs. 12,1% (11/91); P=0,13]. Foi possível concluir que búfalas leiteiras apresentam semelhantes respostas ovarianas ao protocolo de sincronização e equivalente eficiência reprodutiva nas ERF e ERD do ano, quando submetidas a programas de IATF à base de P4/E2 e eCG.
Title in English
Reproductive performance of dairy buffaloes submitted to TAI protocols based on P4/E2 and eCG during breeding and nonbreeding seasons
Keywords in English
Breaking sazonality
Buffalo
Pregnancy loss
Reproduction
Abstract in English
This thesis aimed to compare the follicular and luteal dynamics (Experiment 1) and reproductive efficiency (Experiment 2) of dairy buffaloes submitted to TAI protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during the breeding (On-BS; May, June and July) and nonbreeding seasons (Off-BS; November, December and January). In Experiment 1, 51 dairy buffalo of one farm were used, and in Experiment 2, 351 dairy buffaloes of 5 farms were used. To compare the effect of BS, each property had similar number of animals submitted to TAI in each, both in Experiment 1 (n = 25 vs. n = 26) as in Experiment 2 (n = 168 vs. n = 183). All properties were located in the Vale do Ribeira, State of São Paulo, Brazil. On random days of the estrous cycle (D-12; 4:00 PM), all buffaloes received an intravaginal device containing 1 g of P4 (Sincrogest®, Ourofino Agronegócio) plus 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate im (Sincrodiol®, Ourofino Agronegócio). On D-3 (4:00 PM), females received 0.53 mg of PGF2α im (Cloprostenol, Sincrocio®, Ourofino Agronegócio) and 400 IU of eCG im (Novormon®, MSD Animal Health), followed by removal of progesterone device. On D-1 (4:00 PM), 10 mg of buserelin acetate (GnRH Sincroforte®, Ourofino Agronegócio) were administered im. The TAI was performed 16 hours after application of GnRH (D0; 8:00 AM). At the beginning of each protocol (D-12), it was recorded the number of days in milk (DIM) and body condition score of females (BCS, 1-5). Ultrasonography (Chison D600Vet, China) were performed in Experiment 1 to determine: the diameter of the dominant follicle between withdraw of iP4 and TAI (ØDF), the diameter of the ovulatory follicle (ØOF), the time of ovulation, the dispersion of ovulation, and the presence and diameter of the corpus luteum (ØCL) after ovulation. In Experiment 2, was determined cyclicity rate (the presence of corpus luteum in the D-12 and/or D-3), diameter of the dominant follicle in the D-3 and D0 (ØDF), ovulation rate, diameter of the corpus luteum 10 days after artificial insemination (ØCL D+10); pregnancy rates to 30 (P/AI 30 d) and 45 days (P/AI 45 d) after TAI, embryonic mortality (EM) between 30 and 45 days, fetal mortality (FM) between 45 days and birth, and pregnancy loss (PL) between 30 days and birth. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard error of the mean (mean±SEM) and frequencies as a percentage [% (n/n)]. The comparison between variables was performed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SAS® program. Difference was considered when P < 0.05. In Experiment 1, it was found that the ovarian dynamics was not influenced by the respective On-BS and Off-BS for the following variables: ØDF (0 h 10.3±0.4 vs. 9.9±0.5 mm; 24 h 11.8±0.5 vs. 12.0±0.4; 48 h 12.8±0.5 vs. 13.2±0.4; and 60 h 13.8±0.6 vs. 13.1±0.5; P = 0.80); ØOF (14.3 ± 0.4 vs. 14.2 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.94); timing of ovulation (76.5 ± 1.9 vs. 72.0 ± 2.5 h; P = 0.85); dispersion of ovulations (24 |- 48 h 0.0 vs. 0.0%; 48 |- 60 h 12.5 vs. 37.5%; 60 |- 72 h 41.7 vs. 33.3%; 72 |- 84 h 41.7 vs. 25.0%; 84 |- 96 h 4.2 vs. 0.0%; and 96 |- 108 h 0.0 vs. 4.2%; P = 0.18) and ØCL (D+6 17.3±0.5 vs. 16.9±0.4; D+10 21.5±0.6 vs. 18.4±0.5; and D+14 20.6±0.6 vs.19.9±0.6; P = 0.06). In Experiment 2, it was observed that despite the similarity of DIM (111.1 ± 8.8 vs. 144.3 ± 8.6 d, P = 0.27) and BCS (3.3 ± 0.0 vs. 3.3 ± 0.0; P = 0.41) on respective On-BS Off-BS, buffalo females showed different cyclicity rates [76.2 (128/168) vs. 42.6% (78/183); P = 0.02]. None of the other answers differ between On-BS and Off-BS respectively: ØDF D-3 (9.6 ± 0.2 vs. 9.8 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.35); ØDF D0 (13.1 ± 0.2 vs. 13.2 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.47); ovulation rate [86.9 (146/168) vs. 82.9% (152/182); P = 0.19]; ØCL + D 10 (19.0 ± 0.3 vs. 18.4 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.20); P/AI d 30 [66.7 (112/168) vs. 62.7% (111/177); P = 0.31]; P/AI d 45 [64.8 (107/165) vs. 60.2% (106/176); P = 0.37]; EM [1,8 (2/111) vs. 3.6% (4/110); P = 0.95]; FM [21.9 (18/82) vs. 8.0% (7/87); P = 0.13]; and PL [23.8 (20/84) vs. 12.1% (11/91); P = 0.13]. It was concluded that dairy buffaloes have similar responses to ovarian synchronization protocol and equivalent reproductive efficiency during OnBS and OffBS, when subjected to TAI programs based on P4 / E2 and eCG.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-08-05
 
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