http://www.teses.usp.br Últimas 10 publicaciones de la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Universidad de São Paulo Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture es Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-155457/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-155457/?&lang=es Drought stress in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most harmful environmental stresses causing yield losses. To develop drought tolerant cultivars, the selection of genotypes with improved adaptation to this adverse environmental condition are highly required for sugarcane breeding programs. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate drought responses mechanism present in sugarcane by evaluation of physiological measurements, carbon isotope discrimination ('delta' 13C) and leakage... tde@sc.usp.br (Belloti, Mariana) Disertación de Máster Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-140846/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-140846/?&lang=es The use of nitrification inhibitors may be an interesting alternative to increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in different crops, although it has been little studied in soil and climate conditions of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in three soils with textural gradient (represented by clay percentage), as well as to evaluate the fate of soil nitrogen (N-NO3-, N-NH4+ and 15N), nitrogen uptake, and N-use... tde@sc.usp.br (Paulo, Ezio Nalin de) Disertación de Máster Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-151422/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-151422/?&lang=es The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding cotton co-products with different gossypol concentrations on reproductive development of lambs close to puberty and also on carcass traits and fatty acid profile of meat. Twenty four 5-months old ram lambs (20.6 ± 1.9 kg BW) were used. These were housed in individual pens and received four diets: 20% of dry matter intake (DMI) of whole cottonseed (WCS), 20%DMI of cottonseed meal (CSM), 20%DMI of high oil cottonseed meal (CSC) and a control... tde@sc.usp.br (Paim, Tiago do Prado) Disertación de Máster Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-113847/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-113847/?&lang=es "Amazon Dark Earths" (ADE) is a term used to describe the anthropic horizons in Amazon soils. These soils are characterized by high concentrations of nutrients, organic matter and black carbon. From the microbiological point of view, the importance of these soils mainly resides in the fact that they constitute a highly diverse microbial habitat, and also an environment for performing various biodegradation processes largely dependent of microbial enzymes, as dioxygenases, that can transform... tde@sc.usp.br (Brossi, Maria Julia de Lima) Tesis Doctoral Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-165549/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-165549/?&lang=es The fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of witches'broom in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Three different biotypes (C-; S-; and L-biotypes) are recognized according to host specificity. The present study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity using microsatellite markers for 134 isolates of the C-, L- and S- biotypes of M. perniciosa collected mainly in the Brazilian Amazon and areas of cultivation. Genetic diversity was associated with virulence and/or aggressiveness of isolates in... tde@sc.usp.br (Freitas, Angela Sanche Artero) Tesis Doctoral Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-110836/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-110836/?&lang=es The increasing world population and improvement in living standards are leading to greater demand for foods with high nutritional value. The sweet orange varieties with red-flesh are the only ones that accumulate lycopene in the pulp and juice. Lycopene is a carotenoid compound with antioxidative property which may have a potential action in preventing some cancers. Despite of the high nutritional value in the red-fleshed oranges, the physiological and molecular characterization of carotenoids... tde@sc.usp.br (Nishimura, Deborah Sanae) Tesis Doctoral Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-145322/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-145322/?&lang=es The mangrove is a coastal ecosystem, located in the interface regions between the land and sea environments, with exclusive occurrence in tropical and subtropical areas. Such location confers to the mangrove sediments unique characteristics, like as high salinity and low availability of oxygen, associated with the high abundance of organic matter. The result of these conditions is the occurrence of a restrict plant diversity, associated with a great diversity of animals, who use the mangroves for... tde@sc.usp.br (Dias, Armando Cavalcante Franco) Tesis Doctoral Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-105732/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-105732/?&lang=es Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a tropical tree that has acquired economic importance for the content of oil in its seeds and the possibility of its use for biofuel production. However, oil seeds and physic nut are toxic because of the presence of secondary metabolites such as phorbol esters which makes its use directly for human consumption and also its waste for animal feed difficult. The lack of commercial varieties and problems with pests and diseases are making physic nut cultivation in the... tde@sc.usp.br (Bressan, Eduardo de Andrade) Tesis Doctoral Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-145236/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-145236/?&lang=es New technologies, like genetic transformation, associated with conventional breeding of sugarcane have a large potential in developing new varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. However, the lack of specificity in the spatial and/or temporal expression of the introduced genes has been a limited factor for the success of products derived from transgeny. Metallothionein promoters, for instance, can represent an alternative to the use of constitutive promoters, particularly those from metallothionein... tde@sc.usp.br (Ferrari, Ilse Fernanda) Disertación de Máster Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-18012013-140249/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-18012013-140249/?&lang=es Composting is a smart final destination for organic residues. The present work was based in the hypothesis that it is possible to obtain similar agricultural productivity levels applying organic compounds on soil in comparison with mineral nitrogen application. The experiment was conducted in pots with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in two soil types, with clay and sandy clay loam texture. The objective was to evaluate if estimated doses of nitrogen (N) from waste compost, sewage sludge compost... tde@sc.usp.br (Wendel, Carolina Façanha) Disertación de Máster Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-18012013-141525/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-18012013-141525/?&lang=es Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world. The coffee bean is one of the main products of the Brazilian trade balance. Two species of coffee are the most economically important: the Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre is the largest representative of the Coffea canephora Pierre is the coffea conillon. Food irradiation is an area of research that aims to increase the shelf life of foods and controlling pests. This study aimed to verify the physicochemical variables... tde@sc.usp.br (Silva, Marcus Henriques da) Disertación de Máster Tue, 26 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-142454/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-142454/?&lang=es The growing numbers of discoveries of bioactive substances produced by cyanobacterial secondary metabolism has attracted the interest of research groups around the world with the common goal of describing and exploring these molecules and understanding their biosynthesis. In Brazil, researches on bioactive molecules produced by native cyanobacterial strains are scarce. In this work, using specific PCR primers and sequencing, the presence of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotoxin saxitoxin... tde@sc.usp.br (Risseti, Caroline Hoff) Tesis Doctoral Mon, 05 Nov 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-25102012-101635/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-25102012-101635/?&lang=es Large areas have been affected by heavy metals in concentrations which may pose environmental hazard. Due to increased industrial activity and highly technical agriculture, it becomes critical to monitor the levels of heavy metals in soil, because plants behave as a mechanism for transfer of contaminants from soil to higher levels of the food chain. Ingestion of vegetables containing high concentrations of heavy metals is one of the main ways in which these elements enter the human body. Once in... tde@sc.usp.br (Fior, Rafael Carvalho) Disertación de Máster Mon, 05 Nov 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-25102012-141808/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-25102012-141808/?&lang=es The nitrogen-fixing species (N) are used with forest plantations to increase N. However when these species are inserted monoculture rushes to interference in the formation of litter, and thus the nutrient cycling of the system. The study was conducted in pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium in the Experimental Station of Forest Sciences ESALQ-USP in Itatinga - SP. This work consists of two experiments using litterbags technique to assess the decomposition and were aimed... tde@sc.usp.br (Bachega, Luciana Ruggiero) Disertación de Máster Mon, 05 Nov 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-143920/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-143920/?&lang=es The pursuit for sustainable economies has increased the interest in development of microbial-based platforms for new processes, both for biofuel production and for the synthesis of compounds, which demands high energetic capacity and chemical processing in its production. The isolation of microorganisms capable of degradation of lignocellosic materials, resistant to different inhibitors and highly efficient in the biosynthesis of specific molecules is necessary to achieve such purposes. In this research,... tde@sc.usp.br (Milano, Heloíze de Souza) Disertación de Máster Tue, 30 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-163318/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-163318/?&lang=es Due to the convenience of using enzymes in the processing of products, technology development of enzymatic processes and its use are growing in the industry because of numerous applications in various sectors of economic and health importance. The fungi of the genus Pleurotus synthesize a variety of lignocellulolytic enzymes that has the potential to degrade / transform various polymeric compounds, including vinasse originating from the sugar industry. The proposal is to evaluate lignocellulolytic... tde@sc.usp.br (Souza, Gleison de) Disertación de Máster Tue, 30 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-164236/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-25102012-164236/?&lang=es Bacterial contamination by Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Leuconostoc and other lactic acid bacteria is one of the main factors that affects the yield in alcoholic fermentation process. Biofilm formation protects the bacteria community and it is a permanent source of contamination. For characterization of these contaminations in (1) biofilms from centrifuge, tank fermentation, heat exchanger and water pipe and (2) molasses, must, yeast, yeast treated (with H2SO4) and wine, samples were taken at two... tde@sc.usp.br (Campana, Felippe Buck) Disertación de Máster Mon, 29 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-05102012-110900/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-05102012-110900/?&lang=es Beans are an important source of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and fibers. In Brazil, this legume still has low productivity and one of the factors involved is the occurrence of diseases such as anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletothrichum lindemuthianum, which causes losses in production of up to 100%. Plants present several defense mechanisms against pathogens and the reports indicate that silicon does not only promote morphological changes in leaves, but also activates resistance genes.... tde@sc.usp.br (Beraldo, Ana Luiza Ahern) Tesis Doctoral Wed, 24 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-17102012-155909/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-17102012-155909/?&lang=es The sugarcane crop has an important contribution in sub tropical and tropical regions around the world, which Brazil the major producer of sugarcane crop, sugar and ethanol. However, the sugarcane yield is still very low in many regions of this country, mainly due to water stress and nitrogen supply. Understand the loss sugarcane production related with water and nitrogen stress using experimental classical methodology not always has obtained conclusive results. This work has evaluated the impact... tde@sc.usp.br (Kölln, Oriel Tiago) Disertación de Máster Mon, 15 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -0300 http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-04102012-145438/?&lang=es http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-04102012-145438/?&lang=es Many antibiotics used for veterinary purposes use are not fully metabolized in the animal body, resulting in the presence of residues in a wide range of environmental matrices such as animal manures, soils and sediments. The occurrence of these residues in the environment can favour microorganisms resistance to antibiotic agents, cause toxicological problems to certain organisms and, besides, also interfere in the biogeochemical cycles mediated by microorganisms. Despite the high use of veterinary... tde@sc.usp.br (Leal, Rafael Marques Pereira) Tesis Doctoral